纽约时报中文网 - 中英对照版-中英万物皆可疑一份中国国安部眼中的不完整威胁清单

What do snapping turtles, tissue boxes and college students looking for part-time jobs have in common?

鳄龟、纸巾盒、寻找兼职工作的大学生有什么共同之处？

They all might be hiding threats to China’s national security.

他们都可能对中国的国家安全构成隐蔽的威胁。

That, at least, is the message being pushed by the Ministry of State Security, China’s main intelligence agency, in a flurry of recent social media posts. Every few days in the past month, the agency has published an addition to its long, wide-ranging list of dangers, with the stated goal being to keep the public vigilant and enlist it to fend off foreign enemies.

至少，这是中国主要的情报机构国家安全部接二连三地在社交媒体上发帖推动的信息。在过去一个月里，国安部每隔几天就在其涉及范围广泛的威胁清单上增添新的内容，并表示这是为了让公众保持警惕，让他们帮助抵御外敌。

The drumbeat is part of a broader push by China’s top leader, Xi Jinping, to make national security the country’s top priority, above other longstanding goals, such as economic development.

这种警钟长鸣是中国最高领导人习近平更大范围地推动国家安全的一部分，旨在将其提升为头等大事，置于经济发展等其他长期目标之上。

In Beijing’s view, that requires far more than strengthening spy agencies or investing in the military. It requires activating every Chinese citizen to be on the lookout, in what China has called a “whole of society” mobilization.

在中国政府看来，维护国家安全只靠增强间谍部门或增加军事投资还远远不够，政府需要将“全社会”动员起来，让所有的中国公民参与进来。

The creation of the usually secretive security ministry’s social media account last year was one step toward that goal. The account’s posts are reaching a wide audience: Each one on WeChat has been read more than 100,000 times — the maximum view count that the messaging platform will show — and hashtags about the warnings have been top trending topics on Weibo, another social media site.

通常行事隐秘的国安部去年在社交媒体上建了账号，朝这个目标迈出了一步。它的帖子阅读量极大：其微信公众号的每个帖子阅读量都超过了10万（该平台对10万加的文章不再显示具体阅读量），有关警告的话题标签一直是另一个社交媒体网站微博上的热门话题。

In the past several weeks, here are some of the risks the security agency has warned about:

下面是国安部在过去几周里警告的一些风险：

• Apparent Good Samaritans: One recent post titled “Beware! Wolves in Sheep’s Clothing” warned readers that spies might pose as generous donors. It told the story of a young orphan with top grades, who one day was approached by a stranger offering to financially support him through college. Over the years, the stranger kept in touch with the student and encouraged him to apply for a government job. When he landed it, the stranger asked him to share confidential information about China’s economic policies. Fortunately, the post said, the student recalled the “anti-espionage propaganda education he’d received” and reported the stranger, whom the Chinese authorities confirmed was a foreign spy.

• 表面上的好心人：最近一个帖子的题目是《小心！披着羊皮的狼》，它警告读者，间谍可能是冒充慷慨的捐助者。帖子讲述了一名成绩优异学生的故事，他是个孤儿，一天，一名陌生人找到他，表示愿意资助他念大学。在这名学生念大学期间，此人一直与他保持联系，并鼓励他报考公务员。这名学生考上了公务员职位后，此人要求他分享有关中国经济政策的涉密信息。帖子称，幸亏这名学生记住了“自己入职后接受的反间防谍宣传教育”，举报了那名陌生人。经中国当局查明，此人是境外间谍。

• Courier services: Another post was called “These types of packages are not allowed!” Besides reminding people not to mail top-secret documents to spies, it warned that “some foreign organizations and individuals” had shipped animals, such as alligator snapping turtles, American bullfrogs and red fire ants, to China to reproduce as invasive species and destroy local ecosystems.

• 快递服务：另一个帖子的题目是《这种快递不能寄！》，该贴除了提醒人们不要将涉密文件邮寄给间谍外，还警告称，“一些境外组织和个人”把鳄龟、美国牛蛙、红火蚁等动物寄往中国，让其繁殖为入侵物种，破坏当地的生态系统。

• Students looking for cash: College students are a persistent source of worry for Beijing. Another post warned that students looking for part-time work may be targets for spies who ask them to take photos of scientific research sites for pay.

• 想挣点钱的学生：大学生一直让中国政府头疼。国安部的一个帖子警告说，寻找兼职工作的学生可能会被境外间谍利用，他们让学生拍摄涉密科研基地照片并支付酬劳。

• Students applying to colleges abroad: But students don’t need to be sharing sensitive information to threaten national security. They may also be unwitting vessels for spreading a negative image of China — as described in another post, where a study-abroad agency purportedly inserted political content critical of China into a student’s application materials, to help them win admission overseas. “Without knowing it,” the post said, the student went from “a young student with a simple résumé to an anti-China vanguard.”

• 申请留学的学生：学生无需与间谍分享敏感信息也会威胁国家安全。他们也许在不知情的情况下成为传播中国负面形象的工具，正如国安部的一个帖子所描述的，一家留学中介为了帮助学生被境外大学录取，将批评中国的政治内容添加到学生的申请文书中。“在不知情的情况下，”这名学生“从一个履历简单的青年学生，摇身一变成了反华‘急先锋’”，国安部的帖子写道。

• Pretty much anything: Pens can contain hidden cameras. Lighters can be bugged with listening devices. That dragonfly? Actually a tiny aerial drone. And beware the tissue box, which a guest may bring to a dinner party where major infrastructure projects are being discussed. A recorder may be hidden inside. “Some unassuming daily objects may contain mysteries,” the post said, above a hotline for reporting spies.

• 几乎所有的东西：钢笔里可能藏着摄像头。打火机里可能装着窃听器。那只蜻蜓？其实是一个微型无人机。还要当心纸巾盒，客人可能会把一个纸巾盒带到讨论主要基础设施项目的饭桌上来。纸巾盒里也许藏着录音机。“一些不起眼的日常用品里也可能暗藏玄机，”该帖写道，并提供了举报这些东西的热线。

Beijing is certainly not alone in calling for heightened vigilance as relations between China and the West have deteriorated. The United States has also warned, for example, that China is using LinkedIn to recruit spies. Chinese students and scholars have also complained of being detained or denied entry at the United States border even with valid visas.

随着中国与西方的关系恶化，中国当然不是呼吁提高警惕的唯一国家。比如，美国警告称，中国正在使用领英网站招募间谍。中国留学生和访问学者也抱怨说，尽管持有有效签证，他们有时会在美国边境被拘留或被拒绝入境。

China’s desire to put these scenarios at the top of people’s minds, and make suspicion a part of everyday life, is what sets it apart, said Andrew Chubb, a scholar of Chinese politics at Lancaster University in England.

英国兰卡斯特大学研究中国政治的学者安德鲁·丘伯表示，中国希望将这些情景置于人们头脑中的首位，让怀疑成为日常生活的一部分，这是中国与其他国家不同的地方。

“The question is the extent to which you want everybody thinking about that. Because it has major downsides in terms of constraining the activities people will engage in, interfering in people-to-people contact, just making people stop what they otherwise productively would be doing,” Mr. Chubb said.

“问题在于政府希望每个人在多大程度上考虑这个问题。因为它在限制人们将参与的活动、干扰人与人之间的接触、让人们停止他们原本会富有成效完成的事情方面有重大的负面影响，”丘伯说。

It is unclear how well the campaign is working. China’s internet is heavily censored, and many comments online are supportive. Even so, some sarcastic comments have seeped through, asking, for example, whether mailing newspapers could entail leaking national secrets.

目前还不清楚国安部的宣传运动效果如何。中国的互联网受到严格审查，许多网上评论都持支持立场。尽管如此，偶尔也能看到一些讽刺性的评论，例如，有人问邮寄报纸是否涉及泄露国家机密。

The fact that Beijing is pushing out these posts at all suggests that it knows many Chinese do not see the same threats that it does.

国安部发这些帖子的事实表明，政府知道许多中国人并不认为存在同样的威胁。

“Right from the top, it was perceived that the level of paranoia, if you like, was insufficient among the general population,” Mr. Chubb said. “So there was a desire, and a continuous desire since then, to elevate it.”

“最上层有一种意识，那就是普通民众中的多疑（如果非要这么说的话）程度还不够，”丘伯说。“所以有一种愿望，这个愿望一直是要让人们提高警惕。”