纽约时报中文网 - 中英对照版-中英加拿大将对中国电动汽车征收100关税

In a significant escalation of trade tensions between Western countries and China, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau said on Monday that Canada would impose 100 percent tariffs on Chinese electric vehicles, joining the United States and the European Union in protecting domestic car production.

在西方国家与中国之间的贸易紧张局势显著升级之际，加拿大总理特鲁多周一表示，加拿大将加入美国和欧盟的行列，保护国内汽车生产，对中国电动汽车征收100%的关税。

The move aligns Canada’s automotive policy with that of the United States, the market for the vast majority of Canadian-made vehicles where President Biden in May announced 100 percent tariffs on Chinese electric cars. And it also appears to be a form of insurance for the tens of billions of dollars in subsidies that Canadian governments have committed for the development of electric vehicle and battery factories being built in the country by Honda, Stellantis, Volkswagen, General Motors, LG and others.

此举使加拿大与美国在汽车政策上保持一致，美国是绝大多数加拿大所产汽车的市场，拜登总统在5月份宣布对中国电动汽车征收100%的关税。加拿大政府承诺为本田、斯特兰蒂斯、大众、通用汽车、LG等公司在该国建设的电动汽车和电池工厂提供数百亿美元补贴，关税似乎也是对这些补贴的一种保险形式。

In addition, Canada will also impose a new 25 percent tariff on Chinese steel and aluminum. The tariffs will most likely worsen the country’s rocky relations with China and could raise the possibility of retaliation by the Chinese government against Canadian agricultural exports.

此外，加拿大还将对中国钢铝征收25%的新关税。这些关税很可能会使加拿大与中国本就不稳定的关系进一步恶化，并可能引发中国政府对加拿大农产品出口的报复。

“I think we all know that China is not playing by the same rules,” Mr. Trudeau told reporters on Monday in Halifax, Nova Scotia. “What is important about this is we’re doing it in alignment and in parallel with other economies around the world.”

“我想我们都知道，中国没有按照同样的规则行事，”特鲁多周一在新斯科舍省哈利法克斯对记者说。“重要的是，我们正在与全球其他经济体步调一致和同步。”

Canada opened public consultations on the tariffs at the beginning of July. The 100 percent tariff on Chinese electric vehicles will go into effect on Oct. 1.

加拿大在7月初就关税问题征询公众意见。对中国电动汽车征收的100%关税将于10月1日生效。

The new U.S. tariffs are expected to begin by the end of August. And the European Union has said that, at the end of October, it would impose additional tariffs of 9 percent to 36.3 percent on Chinese electric cars, depending on the manufacturer, beyond the standard 10 percent tariff it already levies on imported vehicles.

美国的新关税预计将于8月底开始实施。欧盟表示，到10月底，将在对进口汽车征收10%的标准关税之外，对中国电动汽车征收9%至36.3%的额外关税，具体取决于制造商。

Twenty-five percent of federal subsidies for consumers to buy electric vehicles covered imports from China in 2023, according to government documents obtained by Automotive News Canada, an industry publication. A year earlier, just 2 percent of the subsidies went to Chinese-made cars, the government analysis said. Most of the Chinese-made vehicles being subsidized were Teslas produced in Shanghai.

行业刊物《加拿大汽车新闻》获得的政府文件显示，到2023年，联邦政府为消费者购买电动汽车提供的补贴中，有25%用于从中国进口的电动汽车。政府分析称，一年前，只有2%的补贴流向中国制造的汽车。大多数获得补贴的中国产汽车都是在上海生产的特斯拉。

The only zero-emission vehicle currently made in Canada is a General Motors delivery van.

目前唯一在加拿大生产的零排放汽车是通用汽车的送货货车。

Automotive manufacturing companies and Unifor, the union that represents autoworkers in Canada, have been pushing Mr. Trudeau’s government to match the U.S. tariffs on Chinese electric cars and trucks. Those calls grew louder after a lobbying firm working for BYD, a leading Chinese electric vehicle maker, filed notice that it was working to sell passenger cars in Canada.

汽车制造公司和代表加拿大汽车工人的工会Unifor一直在敦促特鲁多政府与美国一致行动，对中国电动汽车和卡车征收关税。一家为中国领先的电动汽车制造商比亚迪工作的游说公司提交通知，表示该公司正努力在加拿大销售乘用车后，这些呼声变得更加强烈。

BYD, which has been expanding around the world, currently only sells electric buses in Canada and the United States. The company has been selling imported electric and hybrid cars in Mexico and other Latin American countries.

比亚迪一直在全球扩张，目前只在加拿大和美国销售电动大巴车。该公司一直在墨西哥和其他拉美国家销售进口电动车和混合动力汽车。

Some environmentalists oppose high tariffs on Chinese-made electric vehicles and have urged the Canadian government to explore other ways to keep domestic manufacturers competitive. They argue that tariffs will slow the use of zero-emission vehicles by keeping prices relatively high.

一些环保人士反对向中国制造的电动汽车征收高关税，并敦促加拿大政府探索其他方式保持国内制造商的竞争力。他们认为，关税会使价格居高不下，从而减缓零排放汽车的使用。

“Canada made a decision today that will result in fewer affordable electric vehicles for Canadians, less competition and more climate pollution,” Joanna Kyriazis, the director of public affairs at the clean energy policy research group Clean Energy Canada, said in a statement on Monday. She added that Canada should have followed Europe in opting for lower tariffs.

“加拿大今天做出的决定将导致加拿大人买得起的电动汽车数量减少，竞争减少，气候污染加剧，”清洁能源政策研究组织“加拿大清洁能源”公共事务主管乔安娜·基里亚齐斯周一在声明中说。她还表示，加拿大应该效仿欧洲，只增加较低的关税。

Mr. Trudeau came to office in 2015 promising to renew relations with China, which had soured under a previous Conservative government. Instead, they sank to a new low in 2018 after the Royal Canadian Mounted Police arrested Meng Wanzhou, a senior executive at the Chinese technology company Huawei, on an extradition request from the United States.

特鲁多于2015年上台，承诺恢复与中国的关系。在上一届保守党政府执政期间，两国关系恶化。然而，在加拿大皇家骑警根据美国的引渡要求逮捕了中国科技公司华为的高管孟晚舟之后，两国关系在2018年跌至新低。

In what Canada characterized as hostage-taking, China then arrested two Canadians. Ms. Meng and the two Canadians were ultimately allowed to return to their home countries in 2021.

随后，中国逮捕了两名加拿大人，加拿大称这是挟持人质的行为。孟晚舟和两名加拿大人最终于2021年获准回国。

China also temporarily blocked imports of canola, an oil seed, from Canada. While the step was ostensibly taken because of insects in the grain, Canada viewed it as further retaliation.

当时中国还暂时禁止从加拿大进口油菜籽。虽然这一措施表面上是由于作物中的昆虫，但加拿大认为这是进一步的报复之举。