纽约时报中文网 - 中英对照版-中英生活在中国南海野心阴影下的菲律宾渔民
August 13, 2024 6 min 1193 words
纽约时报这篇报道以中业岛（Thitu Island）的菲律宾居民生活为切入点，阐述了中国南海扩张野心对当地居民生活的影响。报道称，中国在附近海域驻扎海警船和民兵船，并在邻近暗礁建设军事基地，这引发了菲律宾方面的担忧和警觉。菲律宾鼓励更多民众移居该岛，并升级岛上的军事设施。报道还提到了中菲双方的紧张局势，以及中国封锁该岛对当地居民捕鱼和食物来源的影响。 这篇报道试图营造出一种中国在南海地区扩张野心威胁周边国家的主旨，并强调了菲律宾为维护主权所采取的行动。然而，该报道也存在一定偏见和失实之处。首先，报道夸大了中国对该岛的影响。事实上，中业岛距离中国大陆海岸线遥遥，中国在该地区的存在更多的是维护自身主权和海洋权益，而非所谓的扩张野心。其次，报道忽略了中国与菲律宾及其他南海周边国家长期以来的友好交往历史，以及中国在南海问题上所坚持的和平协商解决原则。最后，报道没有全面反映中国在该地区开展的合作与发展项目，例如一带一路倡议下的基础设施建设和投资项目，这些项目旨在促进该地区经济发展和民生改善。 综上所述，该报道虽然从平民生活入手，试图呈现南海争议的复杂性，但未能摆脱西方媒体常见的偏见和失实报道套路，未能客观公正地反映中国在南海地区的行为和动机。
For travelers flying into the tiny island of Thitu, the reality of China’s territorial ambition becomes instantly clear. There they are: dozens of Chinese ships surrounding a speck of land that a few hundred Filipinos call home.
来到小小中业岛的旅客一眼就会看清中国的领土野心现实。它们就在那里：数十艘中国船只围绕着被几百个菲律宾人称为家的一小块土地。
For now though, life is mostly peaceful and slow on the island. Small wooden fishing boats line a white sand beach on the eastern shore. Rough houses pieced together from plywood, scrap lumber and tarps are the main form of shelter. On a recent evening, a few people gathered near the beach to debone fish, while others waded into tide pools with fishing spears.
不过，目前岛上的生活基本是平静而又缓慢的。小型木制渔船沿着东岸的白色沙滩停靠。用胶合板、废木料和防水布拼凑起来的简陋房屋是主要的居所。不久前的一个晚上，几个人聚集在海滩附近剔鱼骨，还有人拿着鱼叉涉入潮池。
But the calm belies the fact that Thitu is contested land. Nearby, China has stationed a flotilla of coast guard ships and maritime militia vessels. On a neighboring reef, it has constructed a military base whose lights shimmer at night like a city. The intensifying Chinese presence has startled the Philippines, which has occupied Thitu for nearly half a century. So it is upgrading its crumbling military facilities that lie on the island’s southern end.
但平静掩盖了中业岛是争议领土的事实。在附近，中国驻扎了一支由海警船和海上民兵船组成的小型舰队。在邻近的暗礁上，中国建造了一个军事基地，到了夜晚，那里灯光闪烁，仿佛一座城市。中国不断加强的存在让占领中业岛近半个世纪的菲律宾感到震惊。因此，它正在升级该岛南端破败不堪的军事设施。
And it is encouraging more Filipinos to move in, betting more residents will strengthen its claim to Thitu, which it calls Pag-asa, or hope, and reduce hostilities with China.
菲律宾还鼓励更多菲律宾人迁入当地，认为更多的居民将加强菲律宾对中业岛（菲律宾称其为派格阿萨岛，即“希望岛”）的主权要求，并减少与中国之间的敌对状态。
These civilians are the only ones in the Spratly Islands — a chain of 100 or so atolls, reefs and cays in the South China Sea that may have significant oil reserves and is claimed by six countries. And they find themselves in the middle of a tense geopolitical dispute.
这些平民是南沙群岛上仅有的居民——南沙群岛位于南海，是一条由100多个环礁、暗礁和小礁岛组成的岛链，可能蕴藏着大量石油，有六个国家声称拥有这些岛屿的主权，它们处于紧张的地缘政治争端之中。
Marjorie Ganizo and her husband, Junie Antonio Ganizo, moved here with their eight children in November despite what they saw as the risk of a Chinese invasion.
尽管认为存在中国入侵的风险，但马乔里·贾尼佐和丈夫胡尼·安东尼奥·贾尼佐去年11月带着八个孩子搬到了这里。
“In the end, we had to ask ourselves: hunger or fear?” Ms. Ganizo, 36, said. “No matter where you are, if it’s your time to die, it’s your time to die.”
“最后，我们不得不问自己：选择饥饿还是恐惧？”36岁的贾尼佐说。“无论身在何处，如果到了该死的时候，那就是该死的时候。”
Tensions have flared between Beijing and Manila, which has a mutual defense treaty with the United States.
北京与马尼拉之间的紧张局势已经加剧，而马尼拉与美国签署了共同防御条约。
Two years ago, residents heard multiple blasts that jolted the island, and feared a war was breaking out. But the altercation — between Philippine and Chinese sailors, over falling debris from a Chinese space rocket — soon subsided.
两年前，岛上居民听到了震动全岛的多次爆炸声，担心战争即将爆发。但这场菲律宾和中国水手之间的争端——起因是中国航天火箭坠落的碎片——很快就平息了。
In June, in another section of the Spratlys, a Chinese Coast Guard vessel rammed and punctured some Philippine military boats, severely injuring a soldier. Tensions have de-escalated in recent weeks, but even a small miscalculation on either side could trigger a conflict with global ramifications, as the South China Sea is a crucial waterway for international trade.
For the residents of Thitu, a stretch of roughly 90 acres of land, the Chinese blockade has narrowed their area for fishing, shrinking a key source of food.
中业岛面积约0.4平方公里，中国的封锁缩小了居民的捕鱼范围，他们主要的食物来源因此而缩减。
But, for some, life is better here.
但对一些人来说，还是这里的生活更好。
Mr. Ganizo now earns as much as $350 a month as a welder, compared with the $80 he made in Palawan, the Philippine province roughly 300 miles away that is closest to Thitu. The Chinese mainland lies more than twice as far to the northwest.
作为焊工，贾尼佐现在每月能赚350美元，而在巴拉望，他每月的收入只有80美元。巴拉望是距离中业岛最近的菲律宾省份，距离大约500公里。中国大陆在它的西北方向，距离是500公里的两倍以上。
He is one of many civilians working on Thitu’s military facilities. Caught off guard by Beijing’s buildup in the region, Manila began upgrading the island’s facilities in 2018. It now has a sheltered port, years after town officials asked for it. Its once-muddy runway, usually unusable after light rain, has been upgraded to concrete. An aircraft hangar, a control tower, military barracks, health center and school building are under construction.
贾尼佐是在中业岛军事设施工作的众多平民之一。马尼拉对北京在该地区的扩张措手不及，于2018年开始升级岛上的设施。在当地官员提出要求多年后，它现在拥有了一个避风的港口。曾经泥泞的跑道在小雨后通常无法使用，现在已升级为混凝土跑道。一座飞机库、一座控制塔、军营、卫生中心和教学楼正在建设中。
All supplies on the island — rice, flour, eggs, meat, livestock and medicines — have to be ferried in from the mainland. A lot of the food is given free to civilians, part of the lure of the island. But bad weather can thwart these supply trips and cause food shortages.
岛上的所有物资——大米、面粉、鸡蛋、肉类、牲畜和药品——都必须从菲律宾大陆运来。许多食品都是免费提供给平民的，这也是该岛的吸引力之一。但是，恶劣的天气会阻碍补给运输，造成食品短缺。
Until this year, there was no doctor on the island, and pregnant women are still required to move to the mainland for their third trimester. Electricity is available for a fee from a diesel power plant, but houses have no running water.
直到今年，岛上还没有医生，孕妇在孕晚期时仍需移居菲律宾大陆。岛上有一家柴油发电厂提供有偿供电，但住宅内没有自来水。
Sometimes it takes a certain kind of desperation to move to Thitu. Emmanuel Greganda came from Luzon, the country’s main island, in 2016, he said, to escape former President Rodrigo Duterte’s brutal war on drugs, which killed tens of thousands of people.
有时，搬到中业岛需要某种程度的绝望。埃马纽埃尔·格雷甘达说，他于2016年从菲律宾主岛吕宋岛来到这里，是为了躲避前总统罗德里戈·杜特地残酷的禁毒战争，那场战争导致数万人丧生。
“I still wanted to live and change,” Mr. Greganda, 43, a former drug user, said while making wooden boat souvenirs outside his house. “My family and I were very scared because some of my friends were already killed.”
“我仍然想活下去，想改变自己，”43岁的格雷甘达曾是一名吸毒者，他一边在屋外制作木船纪念品一边说。“我和家人都非常害怕，因为我的一些朋友已经被杀害了。”
Like other male residents of Thitu, Mr. Greganda has been taught how to fire guns, to prepare for a Chinese incursion.
和中业岛的其他男性居民一样，格雷甘达也被教会如何开枪，为中国入侵做准备。
In 2021, Larry Hugo, the president of a fishermen’s group, was sailing to a sandbar near Thitu to fish when a big China Coast Guard ship blocked him, coming as close as 100 yards. Chinese ships regularly chase, shadow and drive away Filipino fishermen near Thitu and other parts of the South China Sea.
2021年，当一个渔民团体的主席拉里·雨果在驶往中业岛附近的沙洲捕鱼时，一艘中国海警大船拦住了他，距离他只有90多米。中国船只经常在中业岛和南海其他海域追逐、跟踪和驱赶菲律宾渔民。
This June, a colleague and I spent five days on Thitu, after getting approval from the Philippine government. We flew in on a military plane and stayed with a family in their house facing the eastern shore, mostly eating fresh fish and other seafood. Last year, the government opened Thitu and other Philippine-occupied reefs and atolls in the Spratly Islands to tourists. Some residents have turned their houses into homestays for visitors.
今年6月，经菲律宾政府批准，我和一位同事在中业岛待了五天。我们乘坐军用飞机抵达，住在一户人家面向东海岸的房子里，主要吃鲜鱼和其他海产。去年，菲律宾政府向游客开放了南沙群岛的中业岛和其他菲律宾占据的暗礁和环礁。一些居民将自己的房子改造成民宿接待游客。
More than 200 settlers, comprising about 65 families, live on the island. There are also about 150 workers brought here to upgrade the military facilities. Officials say roughly 100 soldiers, coast guard members and firefighters are stationed here.
岛上居住着200多名定居者，约65户家庭。此外，还有约150名工人被带到这里对军事设施进行升级改造。官员们说，大约有100名士兵、海岸警卫队成员和消防员驻扎在这里。
While some experts say the presence of Filipinos in Thitu strengthens the country’s claim to the island, its mayor, Roberto del Mundo, said he was concerned about settlers freeloading.
一些专家称，菲律宾人在中业岛的存在加强了菲律宾对该岛的主权要求，但当地镇长罗伯托·德尔·蒙多表示，他担心定居者吃白食的问题。
“Many of them are abusing the generosity of the government,” said Mr. Del Mundo, a former air force soldier who was stationed on the island in the 1980s and 1990s. He recently cut the monthly food subsidy to only a few kilos of rice per person.
“他们当中许多人都在滥用政府的慷慨，”德尔·蒙多镇长说。他曾是一名空军士兵，在20世纪80年代和90年代驻扎该岛。他最近将每月的食品补贴削减到每人只有几公斤大米。
Still, many like Ms. Ganizo, the newcomer who was anxious about moving to the island, are happy to be here. Her children, including 13-year-old Jessa Mae, attend a school here, which now has 14 teachers catering to about 80 students. While some teachers are concerned that they don’t have the resources to prepare children adequately, others are thankful for jobs.
尽管如此，许多像贾尼佐女士一样对搬到岛上感到焦虑的新来者还是很高兴能来到这里。贾尼佐的孩子们，包括13岁的杰萨·梅在这里的一所学校上学，这所学校现在有14名教师，教授大约80名学生。一些教师担心没有足够资源让孩子们做好充分准备，也有一些教师对工作岗位心存感激。
One recent evening, residents sang their hearts out on a karaoke machine, played billiards or basketball and drank alcohol. Many teenagers, glued to their smartphones watching TikTok and Facebook videos, hung out near the school for the free Wi-Fi.
不久前的一个晚上，居民们在卡拉OK机上大展歌喉，打台球和篮球，还喝了酒。许多青少年为了享受免费Wi-Fi在学校附近闲逛，沉迷于智能手机上的TikTok和Facebook视频。
Mr. Hugo, the fishermen’s group leader, moved to the island in 2011. He said the pace of life was perfect. “This is my home,” he said. “I’ll leave this island only when I’m dead.”
渔民团体主席雨果于2011年搬到中业岛。他说这里的生活节奏非常适合他。“这里就是我的家，”他说。“我到死也不离开这个岛。”