纽约时报中文网 - 中英对照版-中英中国游泳队的巴黎奥运更多奖牌更多质疑

After he won a bronze medal at the Paris Olympic pool on Friday night, the Chinese swimmer Wang Shun could no longer avoid the questions. He had declined to speak with journalists after his preliminary swims, but a medal meant a news conference. And a news conference meant there would be questions about Chinese doping.

周五晚上，在巴黎奥运会游泳比赛中获得铜牌后，中国游泳运动员汪顺再也无法回避来自外界的质疑了。此前他在预赛结束后拒绝接受记者采访，但获得奖牌意味着要召开新闻发布会，而那意味着将会出现有关中国使用兴奋剂的提问。

“I think all of these test results have proven my innocence,” Wang said through a translator after the men’s 200-meter individual medley. He had been drug-tested an average of twice a week before China’s Olympic qualifying meet, he said, and 11 times in the two weeks before the Games began in Paris.

“我想这些东西都应该足以证明我们这样子的在备赛中的一些东西吧，”汪顺在男子200米个人混合泳比赛结束后通过翻译表示。他说，从获得奥运资格开始，他平均每周接受两次药检，在巴黎奥运会开始前的两周，他接受了11次药检。

As the Olympic swimming competition drew to a close on Sunday, China won gold in the men’s 4x100-meter medley relay, edging the United States, France and Britain for only its second victory of the Games.

奥运会游泳赛事于周日结束，中国队在男子4×100米混合泳接力赛中夺得金牌，击败了美国、法国和英国，这是他们在本届奥运会上第二次夺冠。

The winning Chinese relay team included two swimmers who had tested positive for banned drugs in 2021 but had never been disciplined for the positives. The result, and others at the Olympic meet, has left lingering distrust and unanswered questions after a string of revelations in recent months about dozens of positive drug tests among Chinese swimmers, which antidoping authorities claimed were from food contamination.

获胜的中国接力队中有两名游泳运动员在2021年药检呈阳性，但从未因此受到处罚。近几个月来，中国游泳运动员中数十人药检呈阳性遭到一系列披露，而反兴奋剂机构声称这些是食品污染造成的，这些结果，再加上本次奥运会的其它一些案例，让人们产生了挥之不去的不信任感和疑惑。

Much of the blame for how the positives were handled has been placed by athletes on the World Anti-Doping Agency, or WADA, which did not publicize the positives or discipline the swimmers. The British swimmer Adam Peaty, whose team did not medal in the medley relay, said after the race that the antidoping system needed to be stricter and that the authorities in charge of keeping the sport clean should “wake up and do your job.”

关于药检阳性问题的处理方式，运动员们大部分将责任归咎于世界反兴奋剂机构，该机构没有公布药检呈阳性的情况，也没有对游泳运动员进行处罚。英国游泳运动员亚当·皮蒂的团队在混合泳接力赛中没有获得奖牌，他在赛后表示，反兴奋剂制度需要更加严格，负责保持这项运动不受兴奋剂影响的机构应该“醒过来，做好自己的工作”。

A dozen Chinese swimmers known to have previously tested positive for a banned substance, including Wang, competed at the Paris Olympics. Wang and a member of the relay team that won on Sunday, Qin Haiyang, had also tested positive in 2016 and 2017 for a different drug. Each time, they were not disciplined after Chinese antidoping authorities also blamed food contamination.

包括汪顺在内，十几名已知曾药检呈阳性的中国游泳运动员参加了此次巴黎奥运会。汪顺和周日夺冠的接力队队员覃海洋在2016年和2017年还曾被检出另一种药物阳性。但由于中国反兴奋剂机构也将原因归咎于食品污染，那两次他们均未受到惩罚。

The relay gold was one of 12 medals won by Chinese swimmers in France, double their total at the Tokyo Games three years ago. But that total has come up short in the measure that China and many countries use to judge their Olympic performance: gold medals.

这枚接力金牌是中国游泳运动员在法国赢得的12枚奖牌之一，这是三年前他们在东京奥运会上总奖牌数的两倍。但金牌数——中国和许多国家用来衡量其奥运成绩的标准——少了很多。

In that accounting, Chinese swimmers in Paris, who won only two events, lagged behind both their results from Tokyo (when they won three) and their lofty expectations.

按照这个标准，在巴黎奥运会上只赢得两项比赛的中国游泳运动员既在成绩上落后于他们在东京奥运会上的表现（当时他们在三项比赛夺金），也没有达到人们赛前的期待。

Skepticism about their performances, however, remains. The International Olympic Committee has said that the Chinese swimmers have been the most tested of any team in their sport at these Games. The Chinese freestyler Yang Junxuan, who like Wang and Qin previously tested positive on two occasions, said that their results while being so frequently tested should speak for themselves.

然而，外界对他们的表现仍然存在怀疑。国际奥委会表示，中国游泳运动员在本届奥运会上接受的检测是所有游泳项目中最多的。与汪顺和覃海洋一样，中国自由泳运动员杨浚瑄此前曾两次被检测出阳性。杨浚瑄表示，在检测频率如此之高的情况下，他们的药检的结果是不证自明的。

Any number of factors — training, age, the distraction of increased testing — could have affected the team’s results, but one clear takeaway from these Olympics is that the new reality for Chinese swimmers is that they will be tested more often and that their success will continue to be scrutinized.

训练、年龄、检测次数增加带来的干扰等许多因素都可能影响队伍的成绩，但从本届奥运会中可以清楚地看出，中国游泳运动员面临的新现实是他们将接受更频繁的检测，他们的成功也将继续受到外界严格的审视。

Some of that scrutiny was directed toward Pan Zhanle, who led the Chinese relay to victory on Sunday and won the men’s 100 freestyle on Wednesday in world-record time — one of only two individual world records set in the Paris pool.

其中一些审视的对象是潘展乐，他在周日带领中国接力队夺得冠军，还在上周三以创世界纪录的成绩赢得了男子100米自由泳冠军——这是巴黎游泳赛上仅有的两项个人世界纪录之一。

After Pan finished more than a second ahead of the silver medalist, the swim coach and former Australian Olympian Brett Hawke suggested in a social media video that it was “not humanly possible” to win the Olympic final of a sprint event by a body length. Pan also anchored the men’s 4x100 medley relay, an event the United States lost for the first time at an Olympics. Pan secured a second gold for China with a freestyle split that was more than a second faster than any of his competitors.

在潘展乐领先银牌得主一秒多完赛后，游泳教练、前澳大利亚奥运选手布雷特·霍克在社交媒体上发视频表示，以一个身位的优势赢得奥运会短距离游泳项目决赛“是人类不可能做到的”。潘展乐还担任了男子4×100米混合泳接力赛的最后一棒，这是美国队首次在奥运会该项目上失利。潘展乐的自由泳成绩比他的竞争对手快了一秒多，为中国队赢得了第二枚金牌。

The 19-year-old Pan, though, is not among the swimmers known to have tested positive for a banned substance. After his 100 freestyle race, he said that he had been tested 21 times from May through July. His teammate, Zhang Yufei, who earlier in the meet said that she was worried that competitors and fans would look at the Chinese swimmers differently, called the scrutiny on Pan unfair.

不过，19岁的潘展乐并不在已知的违禁药物检测呈阳性的游泳运动员之列。在100米自由泳比赛结束后，他说自己从5月到7月接受了21次药物检测。他的队友张雨霏早些时候在比赛开始时表示，她担心竞争对手和粉丝会以不同的眼光看待中国游泳运动员，并称外界对潘展乐的审视不公平。

“Why do Chinese athletes need to be suspected when they swim really fast?” Zhang said through a translator after winning the bronze in the women’s 200 butterfly. “Michael Phelps, when he won seven or eight gold medals: Why was he not suspected or challenged?”

“为什么中国运动员游这么快的时候要被质疑？”张雨霏在获得女子200米蝶泳铜牌后说。“菲尔普斯，他拿到七块或八块金牌的时候，为什么没有人敢去质疑他？”

Wang and Zhang, who added six medals (but no golds) to her résumé in Paris, were both among the 23 Chinese swimmers who The New York Times reported tested positive for the prescription heart medicine trimetazidine, or TMZ, before the Tokyo Olympics but were secretly cleared and allowed to continue competing. Zhang won four medals in Tokyo, including two golds. Wang won the 200 I.M. at those Games.

张雨霏此次在巴黎又获得了六枚奖牌（但没有金牌），她和汪顺都在此前《纽约时报》报道涉及的23名中国游泳运动员之列，他们在东京奥运会之前检出心脏病处方药曲美他嗪（即TMZ），但此事得到了秘密处理，他们被允许继续参赛。张雨霏在东京赢得四枚奖牌，包括两枚金牌。汪顺获得200米个人混合泳金牌。

Wang was also one of three Chinese swimmers who had tested positive several years earlier for a different banned substance, along with Yang and Qin. Qin, who specializes in the breaststroke, turned in one of China’s most disappointing individual performances in France, failing to win a medal in either of the breaststroke events that he won at last year’s world championships. In the 200 breaststroke, an event in which he holds the world record, Qin failed to make the final, which he attributed to putting too much pressure on himself.

汪顺与另外两名中国游泳运动员——杨浚瑄和覃海洋——几年前还被检出另一种违禁物质。以蛙泳见长的覃海洋此次个人表现欠佳，是成绩最令人失望的中国运动员之一，没能在其去年刚刚获得世锦赛冠军的项目中获得任何奖牌。在200米蛙泳中，作为世界纪录保持者的覃海洋没能进入决赛，他对此的解释是给了自己太多的压力。

Last week, The Times reported on a third previously undisclosed incident in which two Chinese swimmers, including one who swam in the heats for the women’s 4x200 relay team that won a bronze in France, tested positive for another banned drug in 2022.

上周，时报报道了第三起此前未曾公开的事件，两名中国游泳运动员在2022年检出另一种违禁药物，包括此次在法国参加了女子4×200米接力的一名队员，中国在该项目中获得铜牌。

In response, WADA acknowledged it had concerns about the number of doping cases that were being closed without discipline because it was not possible to challenge the assertion that the positive tests were the result of contamination.

对此，世界反兴奋剂机构回应称，有如此多未经处罚就结案的服药案例也令他们感到担忧，因为当对阳性检测结果给出的解释是污染导致时，他们无从质疑。

Yu Yiting, who won two relay bronzes and finished fourth in the women’s 200 I.M., said in a translated interview that she was “quite surprised” when she found out that she tested positive for TMZ before the Tokyo Games. She said that the group of 23 swimmers, who Chinese authorities said ingested the banned substance from a tainted kitchen at a hotel where they stayed together for a meet, cooperated with the investigation, including reporting what they ate and used in the hotel.

赢得了两枚接力金牌、在女子200米混合泳中排第四的余依婷在采访中说，在东京奥运会前得知自己检出TMZ后，她感到“相当意外”。她说那23名运动员都配合了调查，包括上报他们在酒店食用和使用过的东西，中国官方称他们下榻的酒店的厨房被违禁物质污染。

Several of the Chinese swimmers who previously tested positive leaned on the same defense in Paris: that they had been cleared by international organizations, including WADA and World Aquatics, swimming’s governing body. Others declined to answer questions about doping, or were encouraged by members of China’s state media not to respond to queries on the topic made by foreign reporters in the mixed zone at the swimming venue.

多名此前被检出违禁药物的中国游泳运动员在巴黎做出了相同的辩解：此事已经得到包括世界反兴奋剂机构和管理游泳项目的世界水上运动在内的国际组织的澄清。有的拒绝回答有关禁药的问题，有的在游泳赛场的混合区被外国记者问及此类问题时，被中国官方媒体成员提醒不要回答。

In one interaction recorded by a Times reporter, a Chinese journalist, speaking in Mandarin, suggested to the swimmer Fei Liwei that he should just answer a question about doping by saying that the Chinese team is clean.

时报记者记录了一场对话，一名说普通话的中国记者建议游泳运动员费立纬，在被问到禁药相关问题时，只需回答中国队是干净的。

“They are the most tested,” Mark Adams, spokesman for the International Olympic Committee, said when asked if the Chinese swimmers were competing clean in Paris. “Can you ever say that with any team? Never 100 percent. But all the work is being done.”

“他们接受了最多的检测，”国际奥委会发言人马克·亚当斯被问及在巴黎比赛的中国游泳队员是否干净时说。“你能对任何别的队能这么说么？没办法做到100%。但能做的都做了。”