纽约时报中文网 - 中英对照版-中英中国两任国防部长被开除党籍军籍
June 28, 2024 5 min 986 words
《纽约时报》这篇报道的主要内容是，中国两任国防部长李尚福和魏凤和被开除党籍和军籍，并因涉嫌腐败受贿等罪名被送交军事检察机关，可能面临审判和严厉处罚。报道称，这显示了习近平对军队腐败和不当行为的调查，以及对中国军事现代化进程的影响。评论：这篇报道有其真实性的一面，但同时也体现了西方媒体对中国充满偏见和误解。首先，报道以负面角度解读中国军队的反腐行动，试图营造一种中国军队内部混乱和不稳定的印象。然而，中国军队的反腐行动体现了中国政府整顿军纪从严治军的决心，是维护军队纯洁性和战斗力的必要举措。其次，报道夸大了两名国防部长被撤职对中国军事现代化进程的影响。中国军事现代化是国家战略，不会因个别人员调整而受到影响。另外，报道以猜测性的言论质疑习近平的人事任命能力，这是对中国政治制度和领导人能力的偏见和无端攻击。需要指出的是，中国的政治制度和决策过程有着严格的规范和监督机制，领导人任命都是经过慎重考虑和集体决策的。西方媒体应客观公正地报道中国，而不是以偏见和误解来误导读者。
China’s leadership accused two former defense ministers on Thursday of taking “huge” bribes and of other acts of corruption that compromised military promotions and the nation’s weapons production complex.
中国领导人周四指控两名前国防部长收受“巨额”贿赂，以及其他腐败行为，违规为他人谋取人事利益，损害了国家的军队装备建设。
Two announcements from the Chinese Communist Party’s Politburo, a council of 24 top officials, laid out multiple accusations of crime and insubordination against Gen. Li Shangfu, the defense minister for much of last year, and Gen. Wei Fenghe, the minister from 2018 to 2023. The statements suggested that more heads could roll in expanding investigations.
由24名高级官员组成的中共中央政治局发布了两份公告，对去年大部分时间担任国防部长的李尚福将军，以及2018年至2023年担任国防部长的魏凤和将军提出了多项犯罪和违反纪律的指控。这些公告表明，在扩大调查的过程中，可能会有更多的人落马。
Speculation has built since last year that China’s leader, Xi Jinping, had begun inquiries into military corruption and misconduct, after senior officers from the People’s Liberation Army’s Rocket Force were abruptly replaced or had disappeared. General Li’s removal as defense minister in October, after he had vanished from public view for months, added weight to the rumors. But only now has China’s leadership revealed the range of allegations involved in the investigations.
The announcement about General Li said he was found to have taken bribes in return for abusing his powers, including through corrupt personnel decisions, and that he had bribed others and tried to obstruct the investigation into him. The announcement about General Wei made similar accusations, and said that he had been plied with valuables and money.
Both men were stripped of their military ranks and expelled from the Communist Party, and their cases were sent to military prosecutors, meaning, almost inevitably, that both will be put on trial, found guilty and given heavy sentences, even death sentences, if their crimes are judged to be especially severe. The statements also suggested that their misdeeds amounted to a betrayal of Mr. Xi, who is chairman of the Central Military Commission as well as party leader.
两人都被剥夺军衔并开除党籍，他们的案件被送交军事检察机关，这意味着两人几乎不可避免地将受到审判，被认定有罪并被判处重刑，如果罪行特别严重，甚至会被判处死刑。这些公告还暗示，他们的错误行为等同于背叛身为中央军委主席和党领导人的习近平。
Both generals had been members of the commission. General Li “betrayed the party’s founding aspirations and party principles, and his actions betrayed the trust of the party’s Central Committee and the Central Military Commission,” the party said. General Wei was further accused of a “collapse in faith” in the party.
这两人都曾是中共中央政治局的成员。公告写道，李尚福“背弃初心使命、丧失党性原则，其行为辜负了党中央、中央军委信任重托”。魏凤和还被指控对党“信仰坍塌”。
The announcements may prompt wider investigations that could, at least temporarily, slow the clip of China’s rapid military modernization drive. The announcements said investigators were following more leads, and General Li’s corruption had “severely polluted” the military equipment sector and firms. Before his appointment as defense minister, he had risen as a specialist in military equipment, a sector that has enjoyed decades of expanding spending.
这些公告或将引发更广泛的调查，可能会至少暂时减缓中国快速军事现代化的步伐。公告称，调查人员正在追踪更多线索，李尚福的腐败行为“严重污染”了军事装备领域政治生态和行业领域风气。在被任命为国防部长之前，他曾作为军事装备专家而平步青云，而这一领域几十年来一直在不断扩大开支。
“The announcements seem to point to something very serious,” Andrew N.D. Yang, an expert on the Chinese military who formerly served in Taiwan’s ministry of defense, said in a telephone interview.
曾在台湾国防部任职的中国军事专家杨念祖在接受电话采访时表示：“这些公告似乎指向了一些非常严重的事情。”
Mr. Yang said the generals’ apparent resistance to investigators and assertions that they lost faith in the party would be especially disturbing to Mr. Xi, because the details could point to wider unhappiness or insubordination in the People’s Liberation Army’s senior ranks.
他认为，这两名将军曾阻扰调查人员，而且公告称他们对党失去了信心，这对习近平来说将尤其令人不安，因为这些细节可能表明中国人民解放军高层存在更广泛的不满情绪或不服从现象。
“I think we can expect comprehensive investigations into the military, not only in the Rocket Force, but also in other sectors,” Mr. Yang said, referring to China’s military forces.
杨念祖在谈到中国军队时说：“我认为接下来会看到他们对军队进行全面调查，不仅是火箭军，还有其他部门。”
Mr. Xi underscored his determination to root out misconduct and perceived disloyalty in the Chinese military earlier this month, when he met with commanders in Yan’an, an officially hallowed area of northwest China where Mao Zedong gathered forces during the revolution and war against Japan.
本月早些时候，习近平在延安接见指挥官时强调，他决心根除中国军队中的不当行为和被视为不忠的行为。延安是位于中国西北部的一个官方红色圣地，毛泽东在革命和抗日战争期间曾在此集结部队。
Mr. Xi had held a similar “political work” conference for the military in 2014, when he was rooting out corruption that had taken hold over previous decades, including the buying and selling of promotions.
习近平曾在2014年为军队召开过一次类似的“政治工作”会议，当时他正在根除过去几十年盛行的腐败现象，包括买卖晋升机会。
But apparently, the problems persist, and on his latest trip Mr. Xi summoned the spirit of Mao’s army as inspiration and warning.
但显然，问题依然存在，习近平这次在延安提倡把毛泽东军队的精神作为激励和警示。
“Senior officers across the whole military must keep in mind the founding aspirations and lead the way in advancing the Yan’an spirit,” Mr. Xi said, according to the official summary of the three-day meeting. “Make sure that the people’s military always retains its true nature and mission, and always dares to fight and win.”
“全军高级干部要牢记初心使命，带头弘扬延安精神，”根据那场为期3天的会议的官方纪要，习近平这样说道。“确保人民军队永葆性质宗旨、始终敢打必胜。”
The armed forces are crucial to Mr. Xi’s political power and his vision of China as a resurgent global power.
对于习近平的政治权力以及将中国打造为一个复兴的全球大国的愿景来说，军队至关重要。
At home, the People’s Liberation Army is a pillar of Communist Party dominance, sworn to absolute loyalty to Mr. Xi. Externally, the military is key to Mr. Xi’s efforts to project influence and diminish American dominance across the Asia-Pacific. It is also crucial to China’s efforts to absorb Taiwan — the island democracy about 100 miles off the mainland coast that Beijing claims as its territory.
在国内，人民解放军是共产党统治的支柱，宣誓对习近平绝对忠诚。对外，军队是习近平在亚太地区施加影响、削弱美国主导地位的关键。对于将台湾并入中国的努力也至关重要——北京声称距离大陆海岸约160公里的民主岛屿台湾是其领土。
But the downfall of the two former defense ministers indicated that Mr. Xi’s ability to pick and promote the right commanders may be questioned inside the People’s Liberation Army, said Mr. Yang, the Taiwanese military expert.
但台湾军事专家杨念祖说，两任前国防部长的下台表明，习近平挑选和提拔合适指挥官的能力可能在中国人民解放军内部受到了质疑。
An engineer, General Li, 66, rose through the ranks in rocketry, weapons development and China’s manned space program. He was the first deputy commander of the Strategic Support Force, which Mr. Xi created in late 2015 as part of a reorganization of the Chinese military. In April, Mr. Xi broke up the force into three separate units.
现年66岁的李尚福曾是一名工程师，在火箭、武器研发和中国载人航天项目中逐步晋升。他是战略支援部队的首任副司令员，该部队是习近平在2015年底作为中国军队重组的一部分而创建的。今年4月，习近平将该部队拆分为三个独立单位。
General Wei, 70, was the first commander of the Rocket Force, the custodian of most of China’s nuclear weapons as well as of thousands of conventional missiles. Mr. Xi founded the Rocket Force in late 2015, upgrading the former missile arm called the Second Artillery Corps.
现年70岁的魏凤和是火箭军首任司令员，火箭军保管着中国的大部分核武器和数千枚常规导弹。习近平于2015年底将第二炮兵部队进行升级，创建了火箭军。
“They were both promoted by him, so how can he say that he’s picking the right people in the right positions?” Mr. Yang said. Still, Mr. Yang said he expected no major disruption to China’s plans to build ever more military ships, aircraft and missiles.
“他们都是他一手提拔起来的，他怎么能说他为正确的岗位挑选了正确的人呢？”杨念祖说。但他也表示，他预计中国建造更多军舰、飞机和导弹的计划不会受到大的干扰。
“The objective for Xi Jinping is to come up with the most effective military,” Mr. Yang said. “That won’t change.”
“习近平的目标是打造最有效的军队，”杨念祖说。“这一点不会改变。”