纽约时报中文网 - 中英对照版-中英中国异见人士权平首次公开讲述逃亡韩国细节

The dissident’s lone regret after his 200-mile escape across the Yellow Sea was not taking night vision goggles.

在穿越黄海逃亡300多公里后，这位异见人士唯一的遗憾是没有带夜视镜。

Nearing the end of his jet ski journey out of China last summer, Kwon Pyong peered through the darkness off the South Korean coast. As he approached the shore, sea gulls appeared to bob as if floating. He steered forward, then ran aground: The birds were sitting on mud.

去年夏天，权平骑水上摩托艇离开中国的逃亡之旅即将结束时，他透过黑漆漆的夜色眺望韩国海岸。靠近海岸时，他看到海鸥如同漂浮在水里一般上下晃动。他继续向前，然后就搁浅了：原来海鸥蹲在泥地上。

“I had everything — sunscreen, backup batteries, a knife to cut buoy lines,” he recalled in an interview. He was prepared to signal his location with a laser pen if he became stranded and to burn his notes with a lighter if he were captured. He also had a visa to enter South Korea, and had intended to arrive at a port of entry, he said, not strand himself on a mud flat.

他在接受采访时回忆说：“我什么都带了：防晒霜、备用电池、割浮标绳的小刀。”他还做好了准备，如果被困，就用激光笔发出自己所在位置的信号；如果被抓，就用打火机烧掉自己的笔记。他还持有进入韩国的签证，他说，他本打算抵达入境口岸，而不是在滩涂上搁浅。

It wasn’t enough.

这些都还不是全部。

Mr. Kwon, 36 and an ethnic Korean, had mocked China’s powerful leader and criticized how the ruling Communist Party was persecuting hundreds of pro-democracy activists at home and abroad. In response, he said, he faced an exit ban and years of detention, prison and surveillance.

现年36岁的权平是朝鲜族人，他曾嘲讽中国的强权领导人，并批评执政的共产党迫害国内外许许多多的民主活动人士。他说，结果自己被政府禁止出境，多年来面临拘留、监禁和监视。

But fleeing to South Korea did not offer the relief he expected. He was still hounded by the Chinese state, he said, and spent time in detention. Even after he was released, he was in legal limbo: neither wanted nor allowed to leave.

但逃到韩国并没有给他带来预期的解脱。他说，他仍然受到中国政府的追捕，而且还被韩国政府关押了一段时间。即使在获释后，他在法律上也处于困境：既不被通缉，也不被允许离开。

It would take 10 more months for Mr. Kwon to be permitted to leave South Korea. Days before he flew out on Sunday, he returned to the mud flat where he haplessly came ashore off Incheon last summer and recounted for the first time publicly the details of his meticulously planned journey.

权平获准离开韩国是10个月之后的事情了。在周日飞离韩国的几天前，他回到了去年夏天在仁川外海无奈搁浅的那个滩涂，并首次公开讲述了他精心策划的逃跑的细节。

Court documents from his criminal case in South Korea, past interviews with his friends and family and a statement from the Incheon Coast Guard last year corroborated many of the details in his account.

他在韩国的刑事案件的法庭文件、过去对他的朋友和家人的采访，以及仁川海岸警卫队去年的一份声明都证实了他讲述的许多细节。

On a Yamaha WaveRunner purchased with the equivalent of $25,000 in cash, withdrawn from several banks to avoid tipping off the police, Mr. Kwon set off on the morning of Aug. 16 from the foggy coast of the Shandong Peninsula.

去年8月16日上午，权平驾驶摩托艇从山东半岛雾蒙蒙的海岸出发。为了不引起警察注意，他从几家银行总共提取了相当于2.5万美元的现金，购买了一艘雅马哈WaveRunner摩托艇。

He said he wore a black life jacket and motorcycle helmet for the journey, where he crashed into 10-foot waves and dodged floating rice wine bottles. As his skin burned from the summer sun, he fell into the sea twice, losing his sunglasses.

他说，一路上他都穿着黑色救生衣，戴着摩托车头盔，冲进3米高的海浪，躲避漂在海上的米酒瓶。他的皮肤被夏天的烈日灼伤，他两次掉进海里，弄丢了太阳镜。

He refueled using the five barrels of gas that he had tied to the WaveRunner. For himself, he had five bottles of water and five ham and tuna sandwiches. He navigated using a marine compass and a smartphone he had acquired from someone else.

他用绑在摩托艇上的五桶汽油补充燃料。他为自己准备了五瓶饮用水和五个火腿金枪鱼三明治。他用一个航海指南针和从别人那里得到的智能手机导航。

His first glimpse of land came as the setting sun gave the islands off South Korea a warm glow. What was supposed to take eight hours turned to 14. By the time Mr. Kwon arrived in Incheon, the pink sky he had stopped to admire had faded to black.

当夕阳给韩国外海的岛屿洒下温暖的光辉时，权平终于看到了陆地。原本以为需要八个小时的旅程用了14个小时。当他抵达仁川时，他之前驻足欣赏的粉色天空已经变成了漆黑一片。

He did not see any boats or ships on guard, he said, even as he entered a heavily militarized area that the navy monitors for activity, including defectors from North Korea.

权平说，他没有看到任何站岗的船只或舰艇，即使他进入的是一个军事化程度很高的区域，海军会监视这里的风吹草动，包括来自朝鲜的脱北者。

Mr. Kwon — who speaks Chinese, English and some Korean — called the local police for help. For an hour, he waited while trying to fend off mosquitoes by walking around his watercraft in beige Crocs.

会讲中文、英语和一些韩语的权平打电话向当地警方求助。在等待的一个小时里，他穿着米色的卡骆驰洞洞鞋在摩托艇周围走来走去，试图驱赶蚊子。

That night, he said, the Incheon Coast Guard and the South Korean Marine Corps rescued him, detained him and began investigating him along with the South Korean National Intelligence Service.

他说，当晚，仁川海岸警卫队和韩国海军陆战队救起他，然后将他拘留，并开始与韩国国家情报院一起对他进行调查。

South Korea rarely accepts refugees, and the authorities served him a deportation order. But over the next months, he was also banned from leaving the country as he fought a criminal charge of unlawful entry, which can be punished with up to five years in prison.

韩国很少接受难民，当局向他下达了驱逐令。但在接下来的几个月里，他被禁止离开韩国，因为他要抗争非法入境的刑事指控，该罪名最高可判五年监禁。

He said that he wondered how things might have unfolded had his arrival gone as planned.

他说自己很好奇，如果当初是按原计划那样顺利抵达韩国，事情会如何发展。

South Korean prosecutors did not lift the exit ban they imposed on Mr. Kwon until his criminal case was finished this month. He said he planned to apply for asylum in the United States or Canada. His flight on Sunday was bound for Newark.

直到权平的刑事案件于本月结案后，韩国检察官才解除了对他的出境禁令。权平说，他计划去美国或加拿大申请庇护。他周日的航班飞往的是纽约纽瓦克机场。

“I want to live my own life,” he said. “I want to live in peace for a while.”

“我想过自己的生活，”他说，“我想过一段平静的日子。”

Mr. Kwon, whose Chinese name is Quan Ping, is from a city in the northeastern Chinese province of Jilin, near the border with North Korea. He has visited South Korea, his grandfather’s birthplace, regularly since childhood. He spent his college years in the United States, where he went by Johnny, participated in Iowa State University’s Army R.O.T.C. program and took flying lessons, he said.

权平来自中国吉林省靠近朝鲜边境的一个城市。他从小就经常去他祖父的出生地韩国。他在美国度过了大学时光，在那里他叫约翰尼，他参加了爱荷华州立大学的陆军预备役军官训练团项目，并学习了飞行课程。

He studied aerospace engineering at the university for a few years and returned in 2012 to China, where he ran an online clothing brand and traded cryptocurrencies. He continued traveling widely, touring Lebanon and Syria as an aspiring photojournalist, he said.

他在大学里学了几年航空航天工程，2012年回到中国经营一个在线服装品牌并从事加密货币交易。他说，他继续四处旅行，作为一名有抱负的摄影记者，曾前往黎巴嫩和叙利亚旅行。

He first drew the ire of the Chinese authorities when he began criticizing the Communist Party online. In 2016, he posted on social media about antigovernment protests he had attended in Hong Kong, a Chinese territory. He wore a T-shirt calling China’s leader, Xi Jinping, “Xitler.”

他首次招惹中国当局是他开始在网上批评共产党后。2016年，他在社交媒体上发布了关于自己在中国领土香港参加反政府抗议活动的帖子。他穿着一件T恤，称中国领导人习近平为“习特勒”。

Chinese authorities arrested Mr. Kwon that year and sentenced him in 2017 to 18 months in prison for “inciting subversion of state power,” a charge frequently leveled against dissidents and human rights lawyers.

中国当局于当年逮捕了权平，并于2017年以“煽动颠覆国家政权”的罪名判处他18个月监禁，这一罪名经常被用来指控异见人士和人权律师。

After his release in 2018, the police tapped his communications, tracked his movements and periodically interrogated him, he said. State agents, he added, were alarmed by his contact with the leaders of the 1989 Tiananmen Square uprising, including Wang Dan, once one of China’s most wanted men.

他说，2018年获释后，警方监听他的通讯，追踪他的行踪，并定期对他进行问话。他还说，国安人员对他与1989年天安门广场抗议活动的领导人（包括曾是中国头号通缉犯之一的王丹）的联系感到警惕。

“I couldn’t live a normal life,” he said.

“我无法过上正常的生活，”他说。

China’s Ministry of Public Security did not respond to a request for comment.

中国公安部没有回应置评请求。

Mr. Kwon grew desperate to leave as the police investigated his family and friends. He said his plans to leave China by sea were inspired in part by the 1994 movie “The Shawshank Redemption” and by Lindsay Warner, an explorer who circumnavigated Australia on a Jet Ski. He decided South Korea was his only viable option.

警方调查权平的家人和朋友，他变得迫切想要离开。他说，他计划从海上离开中国，部分原因是受到1994年的电影《肖申克的救赎》和驾驶水上摩托艇环游澳大利亚的探险家林赛·华纳的启发。他认为韩国是唯一可行的选择。

He left behind his e-commerce and crypto operations, as well as his friends, family members and a girlfriend.

他抛下了自己的电子商务和加密货币业务，以及他的朋友、家人和女友。

After the rescue from the mud flat, Mr. Kwon said, investigators seemed baffled by his story and interrogated him, threatened to torture him and denied his request for a lawyer. The Incheon Coast Guard, which led the investigation, said in a statement that “there were no human rights violations” during the investigation.

权平说，在从滩涂上获救后，调查人员似乎对他的故事感到困惑，并审问了他，威胁要折磨他，并拒绝了他聘请律师的请求。负责调查的仁川海警在一份声明中表示，调查期间“没有侵犯人权的行为”。

In court, Mr. Kwon argued that he was a political refugee and had intended to arrive legally at the Incheon Port, less than a mile from the mud flat, with a tourist visa. A judge found him guilty of unlawful entry in November, handing down a suspended one-year prison sentence with a two-year probationary period.

在法庭上，权平辩称自己是政治难民，本打算持旅游签证合法抵达距离那处滩涂1000多米的仁川港。11月，法官裁定他犯有非法入境罪，判处他一年有期徒刑，缓刑两年。

The verdict released Mr. Kwon from custody but not from legal limbo. Immigration officials imposed an exit ban as prosecutors appealed the judge’s decision.

这一判决释放了权平，但并未解除他的法律困境。检察官对法官的判决提出上诉，移民官员对他实施了出境禁令。

While living in his parents’ house in Ansan, south of Seoul, Mr. Kwon went to the gym, read books about crypto trading and volunteered at an English language school for adults. He said he also befriended a group of Nigerian refugees by joining their soccer club.

住在首尔以南安山的父母家中时，权平会去健身房，阅读有关加密货币交易的书籍，并在成人英语学校做志愿者。他说，他还加入了一群尼日利亚难民的足球俱乐部，与他们成为了朋友。

But he didn’t let his guard down. He stuck to the routines he had developed in China: constantly checking for security cameras, and using encrypted texting apps and signal-blocking Faraday bags.

但他没有放松警惕。他坚持在中国养成的习惯：不断检查安全摄像头，使用加密短信应用程序和能屏蔽信号的法拉第袋。

Lee Dae-seon, a South Korean activist who has helped Mr. Kwon, said that he has warned Mr. Kwon of the dangers of China’s overseas police effort, known as Operation Fox Hunt, in which Chinese dissidents living abroad have been forcibly repatriated.

帮助权平的韩国活动人士李大宣（音）表示，他已经警告过权平关于中国海外警察的“猎狐行动”的危险性，该行动将居住在海外的中国异见人士强制遣返。

South Korea’s National Intelligence Service confirmed with Mr. Lee that he and Mr. Kwon were targets of the operation, Mr. Lee said. The N.I.S. did not respond to a request for comment.

李大宣说，韩国国家情报院向自己证实，他和权平是这一行动的目标。韩国国家情报院没有回应置评请求。

“It is not safe for him to continue living in South Korea,” Mr. Lee said.

“他继续住在韩国不安全，”李大宣说。

In May, an appeals court dismissed prosecutors’ appeal, as well as Mr. Kwon’s lawyers’ efforts to have his sentence reduced. Mr. Kwon decided not to pursue the case further so that he could leave the country quickly, and prosecutors lifted the travel ban, said Sejin Kim, his lawyer.

5月，上诉法院驳回了检察官的上诉及权平律师为减刑所做的努力。权平的律师金世真（音）表示，为了尽快离开韩国，权平决定不再继续上诉，检察官也解除了旅行禁令。

At the mud flat, Mr. Kwon said he was looking forward to leaving and starting a new business venture. He said some of his friends and relatives live in the United States and Canada. He is traveling to the United States on a visa for visitors.

在滩涂上，权平表示他期待着离开中国，开始新的商业尝试。他说，他的一些朋友和亲戚住在美国和加拿大。他将持旅游签证前往美国。

“I want to start my second life,” he said.

“我想开始我的第二人生，”他说。

An immigration law specialist said that while a case for seeking asylum in the United States appeared to be strong, a decision could take years. Mr. Kwon would also have to demonstrate a “well-founded fear” of additional persecution should he be deported to China, said the specialist, Yael Schacher, of Refugees International, a nonprofit in Washington, D.C.

一位移民法专家表示，虽然在美国寻求庇护的理由似乎很充分，但等待当局作出决定可能需要数年时间。华盛顿特区非营利组织难民国际的专家耶尔·沙赫表示，权平还必须证明，如果他被遣返回中国，他“有充分理由担心”会遭到进一步迫害。

At Incheon Airport on Sunday, he said goodbye to his parents and friends in South Korea, where he would be barred from returning for five years because of his criminal record.

周日，他在仁川机场与韩国的父母和朋友告别，由于有犯罪记录，他将被禁止在五年内返回韩国。

He disappeared into the security line, a ticket for seat 17A in hand, and with his Chinese passport and his South Korean deportation order in the black tactical backpack he had brought on his escape from China. He confirmed that he had boarded his plane by telephone.

他消失在安检队伍中，手里拿着17A座位的机票，逃出中国时带来的黑色战术背包里装着他的中国护照和韩国驱逐令。他通过电话确认已经登机。

“I’m happy, sad,” he said minutes before his flight was set to take off. “And angry,” he added, “that it took me so long to leave South Korea.”

“我既高兴又难过，”他在航班起飞前几分钟说道。“而且很生气，”他补充道，“我花了这么长时间才离开韩国。”

At shortly before 10 p.m., the flight status display showed that his plane had departed.

大概在晚上将近10点的时候，航班状态显示屏显示他的飞机已经起飞。