纽约时报中文网 - 中英对照版-中英G7公报28处提及中国措辞强硬凸显对抗性

President Biden was eager to get off the stage at the Group of 7 summit Thursday night, clearly a bit testy after answering questions about Hunter Biden’s conviction and the prospects of a cease-fire in Gaza.

在周四晚的七国集团峰会上，拜登总统急于走下讲台，在回答了有关亨特·拜登的定罪和加沙停火可能性的提问后，他显然有点不耐烦。

But at the end of his news conference with President Volodymyr Zelensky of Ukraine, he couldn’t seem to help jumping in as the Ukrainian leader spoke delicately about China’s tightening relationship with Russia. He leaned into his microphone as soon as Mr. Zelensky was finished.

但当他与乌克兰总统泽连斯基的新闻发布会接近尾声，这位乌克兰领导人小心翼翼地谈到中俄日益密切的关系时，他似乎忍不住要插话。泽连斯基话音刚落，他就凑到了麦克风前。

“By the way, China is not supplying weapons” for the war in Ukraine, Mr. Biden said, “but the ability to produce those weapons and the technology available to do it.”

“顺便说一句，中国并不是提供武器”到乌克兰战争中，拜登说道，“而是生产这些武器的能力和可用的技术。”

“So, it is, in fact, helping Russia,” he said.

“所以，这实际上是在帮助俄罗斯，”他说。

Throughout the Group of 7 summit meeting in Puglia, China has been the lurking presence: as the savior of “Russia’s war machine,” in the words of the summit’s final communiqué; as an intensifying threat in the South China Sea; and as a wayward economic actor, dumping electric cars in Western markets and threatening to withhold critical minerals needed by high-tech industries.

在普利亚举行的七国集团峰会中，中国的身影一直若隐若现：用峰会最后公报的话来说，它是“俄罗斯战争机器”的救星；在南海，它是日益加剧的威胁；作为一个任性的经济参与者，它向西方市场倾销电动汽车，并威胁要停止出口高科技行业所需的关键矿产。

In total, there are 28 references to China in the final communiqué, almost all of them describing Beijing as a malign force.

在最后的公报中，共计28处提到中国，几乎每个地方都把北京描述为一股邪恶的力量。

The contrast with China’s portrayal just a few years ago is sharp.

这与几年前对中国的刻画形成了鲜明对比。

At past summits, the West’s biggest economies talked often about teaming with Beijing to fight climate change, counterterrorism and nuclear proliferation. While China was never invited into the G7 the way Russia once was — Moscow joined the group in 1997 and was suspended when it annexed Crimea in 2014 — Beijing was often described as a “partner,” a supplier and, above all, a superb customer of everything from German cars to French couture.

在以往的峰会上，西方最大的几个经济体在谈到北京时，往往是双方合作应对气候变化、反恐和核扩散。虽然中国从未像俄罗斯那样被邀请加入G7——莫斯科于1997年加入该组织，2014年吞并克里米亚后被被暂停成员资格——但北京经常被形容为一个“合作伙伴”，一个供应商，最重要的是，它是从德国汽车到法国高定时装等各种商品的超级客户。

No longer. This year, China and Russia were frequently discussed in the same breath, and in the same menacing terms, perhaps the natural outcome of their deepening partnership.

历史已经翻篇。今年，中俄经常被相提并论，威胁的措辞如出一辙，这可能是它们深化伙伴关系的自然结果。

A senior Biden administration official who sat in on the conversations of the leaders gathered at the summit, and later briefed reporters, described a discussion of China’s role that seemed to assume the relationship would be increasingly confrontational.

拜登政府的一位高级官员旁听了与会领导人的谈话，随后向记者做了简要介绍，他描述了涉及中国角色的讨论，与会者似乎认为与中国的关系将越来越具有对抗性。

“As time goes on, it becomes clear that President Xi’s objective is for Chinese dominance,” ranging from trade to influencing security issues around the world, the official told reporters, declining to be named as he described the closed-door talks.

这位官员告诉记者，“随着时间的推移，很明显，习近平主席的目标显然是中国占据主导地位，”涉及从贸易到影响世界各地的安全等等领域。因为描述的是闭门会谈，他要求保持匿名。

But it was China’s support of Russia that constituted a new element at this year’s summit, and perhaps changed minds in Europe. The subject of China’s role was barely raised in the last two summits, and when it was, it was often about the influence of its top leader, Xi Jinping, as a moderating force on President Vladimir V. Putin, especially when there were fears that Mr. Putin might detonate a nuclear weapon on Ukrainian territory.

但在今年的峰会上，中国对俄罗斯的支持构成了新的会谈要点，或许也改变了欧洲的想法。在过去的两次峰会上，几乎不会提到中国的角色，即使提及，也往往是关于中国最高领导人习近平作为一股缓和力量对俄罗斯总统普京的影响，尤其是在人们担心普京可能会在乌克兰领土上引爆核武器的时候。

This time, the tone was very different, starting in the communiqué itself.

这一次，从公报开始，语气就大不不同了。

“We will continue taking measures against actors in China and third countries that materially support Russia’s war machine,” the leaders’ statement said, “including financial institutions, consistent with our legal systems, and other entities in China that facilitate Russia’s acquisition of items for its defense industrial base.”

“我们继续依照我们的法律系统，针对中国和向俄罗斯战争机器提供实质支持的第三国的行为者采取措施，”七国集团领导人声明中说，“包括金融机构，以及针对其他为俄罗斯为其国防工业基础采购物资提供便利的中国实体采取措施。”

The United States had insisted on including that language and was pressing its allies to match Mr. Biden’s action earlier this week, when the Treasury Department issued a number of new sanctions devised to interrupt the growing technological links between Russia and China. But so far, few of the other G7 nations have made similar moves.

美国坚持要加入这一措辞，并敦促盟友配合拜登本周早些时候的行动，当时美国财政部发布了一系列新的制裁措施，旨在阻断俄中日益增长的技术联系。但到目前为止，其他七国集团成员国很少采取类似举措。

Inside the Biden administration, there is a growing belief that Mr. Xi’s view of China’s role in the Ukraine war has changed in the past year, and that it will throw its support increasingly behind Mr. Putin, with whom it has declared a “partnership without limits.”

在拜登政府内部，越来越多的人认为，习近平对中国在乌克兰战争中所扮演角色的看法在过去一年中已经发生了变化，它将越来越多地支持普京，并宣布与普京展开“没有止境的合作”。

Even just a few months ago, most administration officials viewed that line as hyperbole, and even Mr. Biden, in public comments, expressed doubts that the two countries could overcome their huge suspicions of each other to work together.

就在几个月前，大多数政府官员还认为这种说法过于夸张，就连拜登也在公开场合对两国能否克服彼此之间的巨大疑虑展开合作表示怀疑。

That view has now changed, and some administration officials said they believe that Beijing was also working to discourage countries from participating in a peace conference organized by Mr. Zelensky. More than 90 countries will be at the conference in Switzerland this weekend, but Russia will not participate — and China, which a year ago expressed interest in a variety of cease-fire and peace plans, has said it will not attend either.

这种观点现在已经发生了改变，一些政府官员表示，他们认为北京也在努力阻止各国参加泽连斯基组织的和平会议。90多个国家将参加本周末在瑞士举行的会议，但俄罗斯不会参加——一年前曾表示对各种停火与和平计划感兴趣的中国也表示不会参加。

In the view of Alexander Gabuev, the director of the Carnegie Russia Eurasia Center in Berlin, China is now opposing any peace efforts in which it cannot be the central player.

柏林卡内基俄罗斯-欧亚研究中心的主任亚历山大·加布耶夫认为，中国现在反对任何它不能发挥核心作用的和平努力。

“Xi, it seems, will not abandon his troublesome Russian partner or even pay lip service to aiding Kyiv,” Mr. Gabuev wrote in Foreign Affairs on Friday. “Instead, China has chosen a more ambitious, but also risker, approach. It will continue to help Moscow and sabotage Western-led peace proposals. It hopes to then swoop in and use its leverage over Russia to bring both parties to the table in an attempt to broker a lasting agreement.”

“习近平似乎不会抛弃麻烦的俄罗斯伙伴，甚至不会在口头上支持基辅，”加布耶夫周五在《外交事务》杂志上写道。“相反，中国选择了一种更具野心但风险也更大的方法。它将继续帮助莫斯科，并破坏西方领导的和平动议。它希望随后迅速采取行动，并利用自己对俄罗斯的影响力将双方带到谈判桌前，试图促成一项持久的协议。”

American officials at the summit said they largely agreed with Mr. Gabuev’s diagnosis, but said they doubted China had the diplomatic experience to make it work.

参加峰会的美国官员表示，他们基本同意加布耶夫的判断，但他们怀疑中国是否具备让这一切成为现实的外交经验。

But the change in views about China reached far beyond the questions swirling around an endgame in Ukraine. European countries that had worried a few years ago that the United States was being too confrontational with China, this year signed on to the communiqué, with its calls for more robust Western-based supply chains that were less reliant on Chinese companies.

但是，对中国看法的转变远远超出了围绕乌克兰终局的疑问。几年前曾担心美国与中国过于对抗的欧洲国家今年签署了这份公报，呼吁西方国家建立更强大的供应链，减少对中国公司的依赖。

By implication, the jointly issued communiqué also accused China of a series of major hacks into American and European critical infrastructure, urging China “to uphold its commitment to act responsibly in cyberspace” and promising to “continue our efforts to disrupt and deter persistent, malicious cyberactivity stemming from China, which threatens our citizens’ safety and privacy, undermines innovation and puts our critical infrastructure at risk.”

联合公报还含蓄地指责中国对美国和欧洲的关键基础设施进行了一系列重大黑客攻击，敦促中国“信守在网络空间负责任行事的承诺”，并承诺“继续努力破坏和遏制来自中国的持续恶意网络活动，这些活动威胁我们公民的安全和隐私，破坏创新，并危及我们的关键基础设施”。

That infrastructure reference appeared to be tied to a Chinese program that the United States calls “Volt Typhoon.” American intelligence officials have described it as a sophisticated effort by China to place Chinese-created malware in the water systems, electric grids and port operations of the United States and its allies.

这个说法似乎与中国的一个项目有关，美国称其为“伏特台风”。美国情报官员称，这是中国进行的一项复杂行动，旨在将中国制造的恶意软件置入美国及其盟友的供水系统、电网和港口运营系统。

In congressional testimony and interviews, Biden administration officials have charged that the malware’s real purpose is to gain the capability to shut down vital services in the United States in the midst of a Taiwan crisis, slowing an American military response and setting off chaos among Americans who would be more concerned about getting the water turned back on than keeping Taiwan independent.

拜登政府官员在国会作证和接受采访时指责说，该恶意软件的真正目的是获取台湾危机爆发时关闭美国重要服务的能力，从而拖延美国的军事反应速度，并在美国民众当中引发混乱，因为美国人更关心的是恢复供水，而不是保持台湾独立。