纽约时报中文网 - 中英对照版-中英美国将三家中国公司列入制裁名单称涉及新疆强迫劳动

The Department of Homeland Security on Tuesday added three Chinese companies to a list of firms whose products can no longer be exported to the United States, as part of what it described as an escalating crackdown on companies that aid in forced labor programs in Xinjiang.

周二，美国国土安全部将三家中国公司列入了一份名单，名单上的公司不能再将产品出口到美国，这是对其所谓协助新疆强迫劳动项目的公司采取进一步打击措施的一部分。

The companies include a seafood processor, Shandong Meijia Group, that an investigation by the Outlaw Ocean Project identified as a business employing laborers brought to eastern China from Xinjiang — a far-western region of China where the government has detained and surveilled large numbers of minorities, including Uyghurs.

这些公司包括海产品加工商山东美佳集团，“非法海洋项目”的一项调查发现，这家公司雇佣了从新疆带到中国东部的劳工。新疆是中国一个偏远西部地区，政府在那里对包括维吾尔族在内的大量少数民族采取了拘禁和监视措施。

Another firm, Xinjiang Shenhuo Coal and Electricity, is an aluminum processor whose metal can be found in cars, consumer electronics and other products, a U.S. official said. The third, Dongguan Oasis Shoes, brought Uyghurs and people from other persecuted groups to its footwear factory in Guangdong, the U.S. government said.

一位美国官员表示，另一家被禁的公司新疆神火煤电是一家铝加工企业，它生产的金属可用于汽车、消费电子产品和其他产品。美国政府称，第三家公司东莞绿洲鞋业公司将维吾尔人和其他受迫害群体人士带到其位于广东的鞋厂。

With those additions, 68 companies now appear on the so-called entity list of firms that the U.S. government says participate in forced labor programs, nearly double the number at the beginning of the year.

加上这些公司，现在有68家公司出现在美国政府所称的参与强迫劳动项目的实体的清单上，几乎是今年年初的两倍。

Robert Silvers, an under secretary at the Department of Homeland Security who is chair of a committee overseeing the list, said that the government was accelerating the pace of additions to the list, and that the public should expect that to continue.

国土安全部副部长、该名单监督委员会主席罗伯特·西尔弗斯表示，政府正在加快名单增补的步伐，公众应该预期这种趋势会继续下去。

“We are going to hold companies to account if they engage in forced labor practices,” he said.

“如果企业从事强迫劳动，我们将追究其责任，”他说。

Industries using cotton and tomatoes were among the first to reckon with links in their supply chains to fields in Xinjiang. But in more recent years, companies making solar panels, flooring, cars, electronics, seafood and other goods have discovered that they, too, use components that were made in Xinjiang.

使用棉花和番茄的行业是最早注意到供应链与新疆农田存在联系的行业之一。但是，近年来，生产太阳能电池板、地板、汽车、电子产品、海鲜和其他商品的公司发现，它们也在使用新疆制造的零部件。

The United States put the Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act into effect two years ago to ban imports made wholly or partly in Xinjiang.

美国两年前实施了《维吾尔强迫劳动预防法案》，禁止全部或部分在新疆生产的进口产品。

The Chinese government runs programs in the region to transfer groups of local people to factories, fields and mines around Xinjiang and in other parts of China. The authorities say these programs are aimed at alleviating poverty, but human rights experts say they are often coercive.

中国政府在该地区开展了一些项目，将当地人口转移到新疆周边和中国其他地区的工厂、农田和矿山。当局称，这些项目旨在减轻贫困，但人权专家表示，这些项目往往是强制性的。

The two-year-old law also created the entity list, a list of companies that U.S. officials have tied to forced labor programs. The government initially did not add many companies to the list despite the reported scope of Xinjiang’s labor programs.

这项实施了两年的法律还制定了实体清单，这是一份美国官员认为与强迫劳动项目有关的公司名单。尽管有报道称新疆的劳工项目规模很大，但政府最初并没有将很多公司列入名单。

Mr. Silvers said the list “absolutely required a ramp-up period.”

西尔弗斯说，这份名单“绝对需要一个扩大期”。

“We had no procedures, no staff, no rules of the road for doing this work,” he said. He added that the Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act came with no new funding for the department. “So we have dug deep and pulled resources away from other areas to surge toward this priority area,” he said.

“我们没有开展这项工作的程序、工作人员和工作规则，”他说。他还表示，《维吾尔强迫劳动预防法》没有为该部门提供新的资金。“因此，我们深入挖掘，从其他领域调集资源，向这个优先领域倾斜，”他说。

Alejandro N. Mayorkas, the homeland security secretary, said in a statement that the department would continue to investigate companies that use forced labor and hold those entities responsible. “We urge stakeholders across industry, civil society and our international partners to work with us to eliminate the scourge of forced labor,” he said.

国土安全部部长亚历杭德罗·马约卡斯在声明中表示，国土安全部将继续调查使用强迫劳工的公司，并追究这些实体的责任。“我们敦促整个行业的利益相关者、民间社会和我们的国际伙伴与我们合作，消除强迫劳动的苦难，”他说。

Last month, the department announced that 26 companies linked to the apparel and textile industry had been added to the list. It will announce further additions on a rolling basis, as soon as it has evidence that a designation is warranted, Mr. Silvers said.

上个月，商务部宣布，26家与服装和纺织行业有关的公司被列入名单。西尔弗斯说，一旦有证据表明名单需要增补，它将以滚动方式持续宣布新增内容。

Last month, major automakers saw their products halted at U.S. ports after they were found to be importing a part made by a company tied to forced labor in Xinjiang.

上个月，几家主要汽车制造商被发现进口了一家与新疆强迫劳动有关公司生产的零部件，导致产品在美国港口被拦截。