纽约时报中文网 - 英文原版-英How China Pulled So Far Ahead on Industrial Policy
May 28, 2024 2 min 306 words
《纽约时报》这篇报道试图比较中美两国的工业政策，并得出结论中国在工业政策方面远超美国，文章从历史角度出发，提到美国在20世纪通过实施工业政策实现了经济发展，而中国在过去几十年中也采取了类似的策略。但文章同时指出，中国在实施工业政策时往往更具战略眼光，更注重长期规划，而美国则往往受短期政治和经济利益驱使。报道还提到中国在人工智能电动汽车等行业的崛起，并将其归功于中国政府在这些领域的战略投资和支持。 评论：这篇报道虽试图比较中美工业政策，但明显存在偏见。首先，报道以“超前”为标题，暗示中国在工业政策上远胜美国，但实际上两国国情不同，简单的比较有失公允。其次，报道忽略了中国在实施工业政策时也面临诸多挑战和问题，例如资源分配效率低下政府干预过度等。此外，报道未提及美国自身也面临经济结构调整和政策转变，而一味强调中国“超前”，有夸大其词之嫌。客观而言，中美两国在工业政策方面各有所长，彼此借鉴良性竞争有助于两国共同发展，报道应持更客观平衡的态度。
For more than half a century, concerns about oil shortages or a damaged climate have spurred governments to invest in alternative energy sources.
In the 1970s, President Jimmy Carter placed solar panels on the roof of the White House as a symbol of his commitment to developing energy from the sun. In the 1990s, Japan offered homeowners groundbreaking subsidies to install photovoltaic panels. And in the 2000s, Germany developed an innovative program that guaranteed consumers who adopted a solar energy system that they would sell their electricity at a profit.
But no country has come close to matching the scale and tenacity of China’s support. The proof is in the production: In 2022, Beijing accounted for 85 percent of all clean-energy manufacturing investment in the world, according to the International Energy Agency.
Now the United States, Europe and other wealthy nations are trying frantically to catch up. Hoping to correct past missteps on industrial policy and learn from China’s successes, they are spending huge amounts on subsidizing homegrown companies while also seeking to block competing Chinese products. They have made modest inroads: Last year, the energy agency said, China’s share of new clean-energy factory investment fell to 75 percent.
The problem for the West, though, is that China’s industrial dominance is underpinned by decades of experience using the power of a one-party state to pull all the levers of government and banking, while encouraging frenetic competition among private companies.
China’s unrivaled production of solar panels and electric vehicles is built on an earlier cultivation of the chemical, steel, battery and electronics industries, as well as large investments in rail lines, ports and highways.