纽约时报中文网 - 中英对照版-中英七国集团财长对中国廉价出口产品发出警告

Top finance officials from the world’s advanced economies moved toward an agreement on Saturday over how to use Russia’s frozen central bank assets to aid Ukraine and warned against China’s dumping of cheap exports into their markets, aiming to marshal their economic might to tackle twin crises.

上周六，世界发达经济体的高级财政官员就如何利用俄罗斯被冻结的央行资产援助乌克兰达成协议，并对中国向这些国家的市场倾销廉价出口产品发出警告，旨在集结经济力量，应对双重危机。

The embrace of more ambitious sanctions and protectionism came as finance ministers from the Group of 7 nations gathered for three days of meetings in Stresa, Italy. The proposals under consideration could deepen the divide between the alliance of wealthy Western economies and Russia, China and their allies, worsening a global fragmentation that has worried economists.

七国集团财长在意大利斯特雷萨举行了为期三天的会议，他们接受了更加雄心勃勃的制裁和保护主义手段。正在考虑的提议可能会加深富裕的西方经济体联盟与俄罗斯、中国及其盟友之间的分歧，加剧令经济学家担忧的全球分裂。

Efforts by the Group of 7 to influence the two powerful adversaries have had limited success in recent years, but rich countries are making a renewed push to test the limits of their combined economic power.

近年来，七国集团试图影响这两个强大对手的努力取得了有限的成绩，但富裕国家正在做出新的努力，以测试中俄两国联合经济实力的极限。

In a joint statement, or communiqué, released on Saturday, policymakers said they would stay united on both fronts as geopolitical crises and trade tensions have emerged as the biggest threats to the global economy.

在周六发布的联合声明（公报）中，决策者们表示，在地缘政治危机和贸易紧张局势已成为全球经济面临的最大威胁之际，他们将在这两方面保持团结。

“We are making progress in our discussions on potential avenues to bring forward the extraordinary profits stemming from immobilized Russian sovereign assets to the benefit of Ukraine,” the statement said.

“我们正在就可能的途径进行讨论，使冻结的俄罗斯主权资产所产生的巨额利润惠及乌克兰，这一讨论正在取得进展，”声明写道。

Regarding China, the finance ministers expressed concern about its “comprehensive use of nonmarket policies and practices that undermines our workers, industries, and economic resilience.” They agreed to monitor the negative effects of China’s overcapacity and “consider taking steps to ensure a level playing field.”

关于中国，财长们对其“全面使用非市场政策和做法，损害我们的工人、产业和经济复原力”表示担忧。他们同意监测中国产能过剩的负面影响，并“考虑采取措施，确保公平竞争的环境”。

Growing concern over how to handle Russia and China dominated the three days of meetings on the banks of Lake Maggiore. The U.S. has been pushing for a harder approach to dealing with Russia’s assets and China’s exports, while European countries have been treading more cautiously as they navigate their internal divisions.

对如何处理俄罗斯和中国的担忧日益加剧，这主导了在马焦雷湖畔举行的为期三天的会议。美国一直在推动对俄罗斯的资产和中国的出口采取更强硬的措施，而欧洲国家则在处理内部分歧时更为谨慎。

Economic leaders spent much of their time grappling with the details of how they would proceed with unlocking the value of $300 billion in frozen Russian central bank assets to provide a longer-term stream of aid to Ukraine beginning next year.

经济领导人花了很多时间讨论如何着手解冻俄罗斯央行3000亿美元冻结资产的细节，以便从明年开始向乌克兰提供更长期的援助。

“The key point is to ensure the right and strong and longstanding financing for the Ukrainian government,” Bruno Le Maire, the French finance minister, said on the sidelines of the meetings on Friday. “They need our support and they can rely on the united support of all G7 countries.”

“关键是要确保为乌克兰政府提供恰当、强大和长期的融资，”法国财长布鲁诺·勒梅尔周五在会议间隙表示。“他们需要我们的支持，他们可以依靠所有七国集团国家的联合支持。”

By Saturday, there was growing momentum behind a U.S. proposal to use the windfall profits from those assets to create a loan for Ukraine that could be worth up to $50 billion and be backed by some Group of 7 countries.

周六，美国提议，利用这些资产的意外利润为乌克兰提供一笔最高可达500亿美元的贷款，并得到七国集团一些国家的支持，这一提议的呼声越来越高。

“It really is the main option that is currently under consideration,” Treasury Secretary Janet L. Yellen said on Saturday following the meeting. “There does seem to be broad-based support for the general notion that that’s a productive way forward.”

“这确实是目前正在考虑的主要方案，”财政部长耶伦周六在会后表示。“这是一种富有成效的前进方式，看来确实得到了广泛的支持。”

But outstanding questions remained, including how countries would share the burden of risk associated with the loan if interest rates fall, which would erode the profits generated by the assets, and what would happen to the loan when the war eventually ends. Another complicating factor in using the assets to back a long-term loan is that the European Union sanctions authorizing the immobilization of most of those Russian assets must be regularly renewed.

但仍存在一些悬而未决的问题，包括如果利率下降（这会侵蚀资产所产生的利润），各国将如何分担与贷款相关的风险负担，以及战争最终结束时，贷款将如何处理。用这些资产来支持长期贷款的另一个复杂因素是，授权冻结大部分俄罗斯资产的欧盟制裁必须定期更新。

The finance ministers will be racing over the next three weeks to work through the details of their options. They anticipate that Group of 7 leaders will decide how to proceed when they convene in Italy next month.

各国财长将在未来三周内抓紧时间，敲定各种方案的细节。他们预计，下个月在意大利召开的七国集团领导人会议将决定如何继续推进。

Urgency to reach an agreement has intensified as international weariness over the war has made it more difficult for the United States and Europe to continue delivering aid packages to Ukraine. Looming elections around the world, and in America in particular, have added to pressure to provide Ukraine with a stream of future funding.

由于国际社会对这场战争感到疲倦，使得美国和欧洲更难继续向乌克兰提供一揽子援助，因此达成协议也日益紧迫。世界各地即将举行的选举，尤其是美国的大选，加大了向乌克兰提供未来资金流的压力。

“It would be nice to get this mechanism locked down, so that whatever the outcome of the U.S. election, you have $50 billion to play with,” said Charles Lichfield, a senior fellow at the Atlantic Council.

大西洋理事会高级研究员查尔斯·利奇菲尔德表示：“如果能锁定这种机制就好了，这样无论美国大选结果如何，都有500亿美元可以支配。”

Although Russia dominated the talks, fears about the threat of China’s excess industrial capacity loomed large. Policymakers worry that a flood of heavily subsidized Chinese green energy technology products will cripple the clean energy sectors in the United States and Europe, leading to lost jobs and reliance on China for solar panels, batteries, electric vehicles and other products.

尽管俄罗斯问题在会谈中占据核心地位，但对中国工业产能过剩威胁的担忧也很大。决策者们担心，大量获得高额补贴的中国绿色能源技术产品将削弱美国和欧洲的清洁能源行业，导致失业，以及太阳能电池板、电池、电动汽车和其他产品对中国的依赖。

President Biden increased tariffs on some Chinese imports last week, including levying a 100 percent tax on electric vehicles, and left in place taxes on more than $300 billion worth of Chinese goods that President Donald J. Trump had imposed. This week, Ms. Yellen called on Europe and the Group of 7 to more forcefully confront China over its trade practices.

上周，拜登总统提高了对部分中国进口商品的关税，包括对电动汽车征收100%的关税，并保留了特朗普总统对价值3000多亿美元的中国商品征收的关税。本周，耶伦呼吁欧洲和七国集团更有力地对抗中国的贸易行为。

“We need to stand together and send a unified message to China so they understand it’s not just one country that feels this way, but that they face a wall of opposition to the strategy that they’re pursuing,” Ms. Yellen said at a news conference at the opening of the meetings.

“我们需要团结一致，向中国发出一个统一的信息，让他们明白，不是只有一个国家有这种感觉，而是他们正在采取的策略面临着一道反对之墙，”耶伦在会议开幕的新闻发布会上说。

European countries are pursuing their own investigations into China’s trade practices and are considering more tariffs. However, they are taking different approaches and some nations, such as Germany, worry that a trade fight with China would be damaging to their own economies, which depend heavily on exports to the Chinese market. Germany’s finance minister, Christian Lindner, warned that trade wars are “all about losing.”

欧洲多国正在各自对中国的贸易行为进行调查，并考虑征收更多关税。然而，它们采取了不同的方法，德国等一些国家担心，与中国的贸易战将损害本国经济，因为它们严重依赖对中国市场的出口。德国财政部长克里斯蒂安·林德纳警告，如果进行贸易战，“大家都是输家”。

There were indications this week that both China and Russia are preparing their responses to the Group of 7’s actions.

本周有迹象表明，中国和俄罗斯都在准备对七国集团的行动做出回应。

The China Chamber of Commerce to the E.U. said on Tuesday that Beijing was considering a temporary tariff increase on car imports following the new U.S. tariffs and the prospect of new levies in Europe.

中国欧盟商会周二表示，在美国征收新关税和欧洲可能征收新关税之后，北京正在考虑暂时提高汽车进口关税。

“This potential action carries implications for European and U.S. automakers,” the business group wrote.

“这一潜在行动对欧洲和美国的汽车制造商有影响，”该商业组织写道。

At the same time, Russia is also mobilizing its response to Western plans to use its assets to help sustain Ukraine. A spokeswoman for Russia’s foreign ministry described the idea of using the profits from the assets as an attempt to legitimize theft at the state level and said that the European Union would feel the full measure of Russian retaliation.

与此同时，俄罗斯也在动员起来，应对西方动用其资产帮助维持乌克兰的计划。俄罗斯外交部发言人称，利用这些资产获利的想法是企图使国家层面的盗窃行为合法化，并表示欧盟将感受到俄罗斯的全面报复。

President Vladimir V. Putin also signed a decree on Thursday indicating that Moscow would move to compensate itself for any losses that it incurs from the freeze on its sovereign assets by seizing U.S. property. Although Russia has little access to U.S. state assets, it could pursue private investors’ property in Russia or funds in Russian accounts.

俄罗斯总统普京周四签署了一项法令，表明莫斯科将采取行动，通过扣押美国财产，来补偿因其主权资产被冻结而遭受的损失。尽管俄罗斯几乎无法接触到美国的国有资产，但它可以追查私人投资者在俄罗斯的财产，或俄罗斯账户上的资金。

Ms. Yellen dismissed Russia’s threats on Saturday, noting that it had already been warning that it would seize U.S. property.

耶伦上周六对俄罗斯的威胁不予理会，她指出，俄罗斯已经警告过将没收美国的财产。

“That’s not going to deter us from going ahead and taking action in support of Ukraine,” she said.

“这不会阻止我们继续采取行动支持乌克兰，”她说。

However, officials in Europe, where most of Russia’s assets are held, remain mindful of the potential for repercussions. Paschal Donohoe, president of the Eurogroup, a club of European finance ministers, said that the prospect of Russian retaliation had been a frequent subject of discussions.

然而，欧洲的官员仍对可能产生的影响保持警惕，俄罗斯的大部分资产都在那里。欧元集团（欧洲财长的俱乐部）主席帕斯卡尔·多诺霍表示，俄罗斯报复的可能性一直是讨论的议题。

“There is of course always the possibility that Russia may initiate additional measures in the future,” Mr. Donohoe said, explaining that he is confident that the Western allies had the authority to take the actions they were considering. “Any action we take with regard to any sanction or any additional economic measures will respect international law.”

“当然，俄罗斯在未来采取额外措施的可能性总是存在的，”多诺霍说道，并解释，他相信西方盟国有权采取他们正在考虑的行动。“我们采取的任何制裁行动或任何额外的经济措施都将尊重国际法。”

It is uncertain if the policies that the finance ministers are considering will succeed in encouraging Russia or China to change course. Despite internal differences, the ministers appeared to agree that a united front is their best hope.

目前还不确定财长们正在考虑的政策能否成功地鼓励俄罗斯或中国改变方向。尽管内部存在分歧，但部长们似乎一致认为，统一战线是他们最大的希望。

“The G7’s renewal of strong unity is being forged amid the challenges posed by Russia’s brutal aggression in Ukraine and China’s growing authoritarianism and economic woes,” said Mark Sobel, a former longtime Treasury Department official who is now the U.S. chairman of the Official Monetary and Financial Institutions Forum.

“在俄罗斯对乌克兰的野蛮侵略、中国日益增长的威权主义和经济困境构成挑战的背景下，七国集团正在重塑强大的团结，”曾长期担任财政部官员、现任货币金融机构官方论坛美国主席的马克·索贝尔说。