纽约时报中文网 - 英文原版-英How China Rose to Lead the World in Cars and Solar Panels
May 15, 2024 2 min 343 words
《纽约时报》这篇报道的主要内容是：中国在汽车和太阳能电池板制造方面已经成为全球领先者，这归功于中国政府对这些行业的大力支持和扶持。报道提到，中国通过提供补贴低息贷款和优惠政策，创造了有利于这些行业发展的环境，从而促进了产业的发展和技术的进步。同时，报道也提到了一些潜在的问题，例如产能过剩和对国外竞争的担忧。 评论：该报道在一定程度上承认了中国在汽车和太阳能电池板制造方面取得的成就，但同时也存在着明显的偏见和误导。首先，报道过度强调了政府干预的作用，而忽视了中国企业和工人在技术进步和创新方面的贡献。其次，它提到的产能过剩和对国外竞争的担忧是全球许多行业都面临的共同挑战，并非中国独有。此外，报道也忽视了中国在这些行业发展过程中所面临的困难和挑战，例如知识产权争议和环境影响等。总体而言，这篇报道有选择性地呈现事实，过度强调中国政府的影响，而忽视了中国企业和个人的努力和创新，是对中国发展模式的一种偏见和误解。
For decades, China has moved methodically to dominate ever more industries, from toys and clothing in the 1980s to semiconductors and renewable energy today. China now produces a third of the world’s manufactured goods — more than the United States, Germany, Japan, South Korea and Britain combined. Its trade surplus in these goods is equal to a tenth of the entire Chinese economy.
And those exports keep increasing, causing alarm about China’s manufacturing “overcapacity” among its biggest trading partners. Top leaders in the United States and Europe have begun calling on China to dial back how much it sells to the world, and to increase its imports. On Tuesday, President Biden raised U.S. tariffs sharply on imports from China of electric cars, solar panels and other high-tech manufactured goods.
China’s industrial policies had a consistent focus.
Almost a decade ago, China launched an ambitious program called Made in China 2025. The plan was for China to replace key imports in 10 advanced manufacturing industries by making its own products. The state-controlled banking system directed loans to those key sectors.
Fast forward 10 years, and China’s domestic economy is hurting mostly because of a housing market crash. Leaders in Beijing have ordered increased lending for many of the same manufacturing sectors to compensate for slower consumer spending, and are stepping up exports.
For China’s economic policymakers, the strategy is familiar.
It works like this: Regulators restrict the investment options of Chinese households, which have little choice but to deposit enormous sums of money into banks at low interest rates. The banks then lend the money at low rates to start-ups and other businesses. According to China’s central bank, net lending for industry swelled to $670 billion last year from $83 billion in 2019.