纽约时报中文网 - 中英对照版-中英中国和塞尔维亚的铁杆友谊是如何结成的

China and Serbia on Wednesday proclaimed an “ironclad friendship” and a “shared future” during a visit to Belgrade by the Chinese president, Xi Jinping, underlining the close political and economic ties between two countries that share a wariness of the United States.

周三，在中国国家主席习近平访问贝尔格莱德期间，中国和塞尔维亚宣布了“铁杆友谊”和“共创美好未来”，突显了两个对美国怀着共同戒备的国家之间密切的政治和经济联系。

Mr. Xi arrived in Serbia late Tuesday — the 25th anniversary of a mistaken 1999 airstrike involving the U.S. Air Force during the Kosovo war that destroyed the Chinese Embassy in Belgrade, the Serbian capital. Three Chinese journalists were killed in the strike.

习近平于周二晚间抵达塞尔维亚。当天是1999年科索沃战争期间美国空军错误空袭中国驻贝尔格莱德大使馆的25周年纪念日，贝尔格莱德是塞尔维亚的首都。三名中国记者在空袭中丧生。

Mr. Xi appeared briefly on Wednesday morning with the Serbian president, Aleksandar Vucic, before a cheering crowd of people, some of whom told Serbian media outlets they had been bused in by the ruling party, gathered in front of the Palace of Serbia, the former headquarters of the now defunct government of Yugoslavia that now houses Serbian government offices.

周三上午，习近平与塞尔维亚总统亚历山大·武契奇曾短暂露面，与聚集在塞尔维亚宫前欢呼的群众见面。这里曾是现已解体的南斯拉夫政府的总部，现在是塞尔维亚政府的办公地。其中一些人告诉塞尔维亚媒体，他们是被执政党用大巴送来的。

“The ironclad friendship between China and Serbia has withstood the test of international storms and tribulations,” Mr. Xi told Mr. Vucic in a meeting, according to an account from Xinhua, China’s official news agency. “It has a deep historical bedrock, a robust political foundation, wide-ranging common interests and a solid basis in public opinion.”

据中国官方通讯社新华社的报道，习近平在会谈中对武契奇说：“中塞铁杆友谊历经国际风云变幻考验，有着深厚的历史底蕴、坚实的政治基础、广泛的共同利益、扎实的民意根基。”

The leaders later signed an agreement declaring their intention to “deepen and elevate the comprehensive strategic partnership between China and Serbia,” and “build a new era of a community with a shared future,” local news outlets reported.

据当地新闻媒体报道，两国领导人随后签署了一项协议，宣布他们打算“深化和提升全面战略伙伴关系、构建新时代中塞命运共同体”。

In contrast to his last visit to Eastern and Central Europe in 2016, during which he faced noisy protests in the Czech Republic, Mr. Xi h received a uniformly rapturous reception in Belgrade, with the authorities reportedly detaining potential protesters and mobilizing state workers to cheer him.

习近平上一次访问东欧和中欧是在2016年，当时他在捷克共和国遭遇了喧闹的抗议活动。这次，他在贝尔格莱德受到了一致的热烈欢迎，据报道，当局拘留了可能的抗议者，并动员国家工作人员为他欢呼。

Sara Markovic, a Belgrade filmmaker, said in a telephone interview that her 63-year-old father, Dejan, a practitioner of China’s banned Falun Gong spiritual movement, and five fellow followers of what Beijing calls an “evil cult” had been taken into custody ahead of Mr. Xi’s visit. The six detainees and two family members who were picked up at the same time despite having no links to Falun Gong, were all released without charges soon after Mr. Xi left Serbia on Wednesday evening, Ms. Markovic said.

贝尔格莱德的电影制作人萨拉·马尔科维奇在接受电话采访时说，她63岁的父亲德扬是中国被禁的法轮功灵修运动的学员，在习近平到访之前，他和其他五名被北京称为“邪教”的信徒被拘留。马尔科维奇说，还有两名与法轮功没有任何关系的家庭成员也被带走，在习近平于周三晚间离开塞尔维亚后不久，八人都被释放，没有受到任何指控。

A police arrest warrant said Ms. Markovic’s father was suspected of “endangering persons under international protection.”

警方的逮捕令称，马尔科维奇的父亲涉嫌“危害受国际保护人员”。

Ms. Markov said her father had no plans to protest the Chinese leader’s visit and had been picked up because “our government wants to please the Chinese in every way possible” and was “acting like the CCP,” a reference to the Chinese Communist Party.

马尔科夫说，她的父亲没有计划抗议中国领导人的访问，他之所以被抓，是因为“我们的政府希望尽一切可能取悦中国人”，而且“表现得像中国共产党一样”。

China routinely demands that foreign government’s hosting a visit by Mr. Xi remove protesters and even posters connected to Falun Gong or affiliated organizations like the Shen Yun dance troupe. Most European governments refuse, but Serbia has gone out of its way to show what Mr. Vucic on Wednesday described on Wednesday as “its reverence and love” for the Chinese leader.

中国经常要求外国政府在接待习近平来访时清除抗议者，甚至清理与法轮功或神韵艺术团等附属组织有关的海报。大多数欧洲国家政府都拒绝这一要求，但塞尔维亚却不遗余力地表达了武契奇周三所称的对这位中国领导人的“尊敬和热爱”。

China is Serbia’s largest foreign investor, and increasingly close economic relations have helped expand a relationship forged before the collapse of Yugoslavia, whose capital was Belgrade, in the early 1990s, through a shared wariness of Western and Soviet power.

中国是塞尔维亚最大的外国投资者，日益密切的经济关系有助于扩大20世纪90年代初南斯拉夫（其首都为贝尔格莱德）解体之前双方通过共同防范西方和苏联势力而建立起来的联系。

The 25th anniversary of the NATO bombing has come at a time when Mr. Xi’s government is trying to steady relations with the United States and Western Europe. He had been expected to visit the bombed embassy site, which he visited on his last trip to Serbia in 2016 and is usually a mandatory stop for Chinese officials visiting Belgrade. But he had not appeared there before he left Belgrade Wednesday evening for his next stop, the Hungarian capital of Budapest, Europe’s only other reliably China-friendly capital.

北约轰炸25周年之际，习近平政府正试图稳定与美国和西欧的关系。他在上一次2016年访问塞尔维亚时参观了被轰炸的大使馆遗址，这通常是中国官员访问贝尔格莱德时必去的一站。但在周三晚间离开贝尔格莱德前往下一站匈牙利首都布达佩斯之前，习近平并没有出现在那里。布达佩斯是欧洲唯一一个可靠的对华友好首都。

His decision to skip the former embassy site, now a Chinese cultural center that features a black, tombstone-like marble tablet mourning Chinese and Serbian “martyrs,” suggested a desire to avoid rekindling anti-American passions that at the time of the bombing in 1999 led to angry protests by tens of thousands of Chinese around the U.S. embassy in Beijing, some throwing bottles and rocks.

习近平决定不去大使馆旧址，那里现在是一个中国文化中心，有一座黑色墓碑般的大理石碑，悼念中国和塞尔维亚的“烈士”，这表明他希望避免重新点燃反美情绪，1999年的爆炸事件导致数万中国人在美国驻北京大使馆周围愤怒抗议，一些人投掷瓶子和石头。

He did not ignore the bombing entirely, but avoided anti-Western bombast.

他没有完全无视轰炸事件，但避免了反西方的抨击。

“This we should never forget,” Mr. Xi said in a statement published on Tuesday by Politika, a Serbian newspaper, recalling that “25 years ago today, NATO flagrantly bombed the Chinese Embassy.” He said that China’s friendship with Serbia had been “forged with the blood of our compatriots” and “will stay in the shared memory of the Chinese and Serbian peoples.”

“我们不能忘记，”习近平周二在塞尔维亚报纸《政治报》(Politika)发表的文章中说。他回忆道，“25年前的今天，北约悍然轰炸中国驻南联盟大使馆，”他说。中国与塞尔维亚“用鲜血凝成的友谊”，“成为两国人民的共同记忆。”

Beijing’s underlying suspicions about Western intentions, and the role of NATO, persist — a point that surfaced in Chinese official and media comments about the anniversary. But Mr. Xi refrained from the aggrieved outrage voiced in Beijing by the Chinese Foreign Ministry.

北京对西方的意图和北约的作用的潜在怀疑仍然存在，这一点在中国官方和媒体对周年纪念的评论中有所体现。但习近平没有像中国外交部在北京的表达那样愤愤不平。

“The Chinese people will never forget this barbaric atrocity committed by NATO and will never accept such tragic history repeating itself,” Lin Jian, a spokesman for the ministry, told reporters in Beijing on Tuesday.

“中国人民不会忘记北约犯下的这一野蛮罪行，也绝不会接受这样的历史悲剧重演，”中国外交部发言人林剑周二在北京对记者表示。

Serbia, which still harbors deep grievance over the defeat of Christian Serbs by Ottoman Turks in a battle in 1389, shares with China a view of itself as a righteous force wronged by hostile outsiders.

塞尔维亚对信基督教的塞尔维亚人在1389年被奥斯曼土耳其人打败耿耿于怀，与中国一样，它认为自己是被敌对的外来者不公正对待的正义力量。

Serbia and China are also bound by mutual support for each other’s territorial claims — China’s to the breakaway island of Taiwan and Serbia’s to Kosovo, formerly Serbian land that declared an independent state after the NATO bombing campaign.

塞尔维亚和中国也因相互支持对方的领土主张而团结在一起——中国对分离的台湾的领土主张，以及塞尔维亚对科索沃的领土主张。科索沃原为塞尔维亚领土，在北约轰炸行动后宣布独立。

“Just as we have clear positions on the issue of Chinese integrity — that Taiwan is China — so they support the territory of Serbia without any reservation,” Mr. Vucic, who was Serbia’s information minister under President Slobodan Milosevic during the Kosovo war, said on Wednesday.

“正如我们在中国领土完整问题上有明确立场——台湾是中国的——他们也毫无保留地支持塞尔维亚的领土，”武契奇周三表示。科索沃战争期间，武契奇担任塞尔维亚总统斯洛博丹·米洛舍维奇政府的信息部长。

China, Mr. Xi said, “supports Serbia’s efforts to preserve its territorial integrity regarding Kosovo.”

习近平说，中国“支持塞方在科索沃问题上维护国家主权和领土完整的努力”。

Public opinion has soured dramatically on China in much of Europe, particularly in formerly Communist countries to the east, because of the war in Ukraine. But Serbia, which, like China, has close ties to Russia, has remained solidly pro-Chinese and still looks to China for billions of dollars in investment.

由于乌克兰战争，欧洲大部分地区的公众舆论对中国的态度急剧恶化，尤其是在东欧的前共产主义国家。但与中国一样，与俄罗斯关系密切的塞尔维亚仍然坚定地支持中国，并仍向中国寻求数十亿美元的投资。

But as with nearly all European countries, Serbia has a widening trade deficit with China, a gap that Mr. Vucic hopes can be narrowed by a new free trade agreement that he said on Wednesday would allow Serbia to export 95 percent of its goods duty-free. While Serbia has few products that China needs, Mr. Vucic said Serbian farmers would benefit from new Chinese contracts for prunes, plums and blueberries.

但就像几乎所有欧洲国家一样，塞尔维亚对中国的贸易逆差也在不断扩大，武契奇希望通过一项新的自由贸易协定来缩小这一差距。武契奇周三表示，该协定将允许塞尔维亚95%的出口商品免税。虽然塞尔维亚几乎没有中国需要的产品，但武契奇说，塞尔维亚农民将从与中国新签订的西梅、李子和蓝莓合同中受益。

Mr. Vucic was one of only two European leaders, along with Prime Minister Viktor Orban of Hungary, who attended a gathering in Beijing in October to celebrate Mr. Xi’s Belt and Road infrastructure program. President Vladimir V. Putin of Russia and dozens of other foreign leaders also attended.

今年10月，武契奇和匈牙利总理欧尔班是仅有的两位出席在北京举行的庆祝“一带一路”基础设施项目会议的欧洲领导人。俄罗斯总统普京和其他数十名外国领导人也出席了该会议。

Belgrade has been decked with Chinese flags and billboards paying tribute to “beloved Chinese friends.” Crowds lined the streets to welcome the Chinese leader, an outpouring of affection that opposition politicians said had been artificially manufactured by the authorities, which they said had ordered street cleaners and other state workers to skip work and cheer Mr. Xi.

贝尔格莱德到处都是中国国旗，以及向“亲爱的中国朋友”致敬的标语牌。人们站在街道两旁欢迎这位中国领导人，反对派政治人士说，这种热情是当局人为制造的，他们说，当局下令街道清洁工和其他政府工作人员暂停自己的工作，去为习近平欢呼。

Serbia’s state-owned television station even interrupted a broadcast of the Eurovision Song Contest, a hugely popular event watched by millions across Europe, to make way for coverage of a welcoming ceremony for Mr. Xi at Belgrade airport.

塞尔维亚国有电视台甚至中断了欧洲歌唱大赛的播出，转而播放贝尔格莱德机场为习近平举行的欢迎仪式。欧洲歌唱大赛是一项非常受欢迎的活动，在欧洲有成百上千万人观看。