The Economist Print Edition-Americas moves against Chinese biotech will hurt patients at home Leaders
April 19, 2024 3 min 631 words
这篇文章主要讨论了美国对中国生物技术公司的限制措施，以及这些措施将如何影响美国消费者。文章认为，美国出于对中国公司数据处理的担忧而提出的《生物安全法案》是过激的反应，并认为该法案的真正动机可能是贸易保护主义。文章还提到，该法案可能会导致美国药品短缺和临床试验延迟，并影响拜登政府降低药品价格的目标。 评论： 这篇文章对美国针对中国生物技术公司的限制措施进行了批评，指出了这些措施可能对美国消费者造成的不利影响。文章认为，该法案的动机可能是出于保护主义，而不是真正的国家安全考虑。这种观点有一定的合理性，因为该法案确实可能对美国消费者造成负面影响，并且背离了拜登政府降低药品价格的承诺。 然而，文章对中国公司的数据处理行为表现出了一定的担忧，这似乎也是美国立法者的关注点。文章提到拜登总统已经禁止向包括中国在内的对手出口健康数据，这表明了美国对该问题的严重性是有所认知的。此外，文章也承认了一些中国公司与军方和政府压迫维吾尔族人的合作。 因此，这篇文章虽然对美国立法的动机和影响提出了批评，但同时也承认了中国公司在某些方面的做法确实引起了争议和担忧。这表明文章的观点是相对客观和公正的，并没有完全忽视中国公司行为中存在的问题。
America’s crackdown on Chinese trade is broadening. On the campaign trail on April 17th President Joe Biden proposed tripling tariffs on steel imports, citing China’s unfair trade practices. Having choked off China’s access to advanced semiconductors and moved to ban TikTok, a Chinese-owned social-media app, lawmakers are eyeing a new target: biotechnology. The biosecure act, which has bipartisan support in Congress, proposes to end government contracts for firms that count Chinese biotech companies as clients or suppliers. American officials have previously said they want to guard a “small yard” of sensitive technologies with a “high fence”. This bill illustrates that the yard is getting bigger, with sorry consequences for American consumers.
It uses the threat of ending lucrative federal contracts to sever American firms’ ties with Chinese genomic sequencers, makers of sequencing machines and makers of large-molecule drugs such as weight-loss injectables. It extends the ban to any biotech firm with its headquarters in an adversary country, and mentions four Chinese companies by name.
One target is a sequencing firm called BGI, formerly known as Beijing Genomics Institute. BGI is the largest sequencer of human DNA in the world and operates in over 100 countries. It supplies prenatal tests and diagnostic swabs for covid-19 and other diseases. The firm, like its rivals, provides health screenings on the cheap in return for keeping its patients’ anonymised data. The data in turn are used in cutting-edge drug development.
Lawmakers allege that the data hoovered up by BGI are stored within reach of nosy Communist Party officials. The firm says sensitive information is stored privately and that its American operations are limited. But lawmakers need not take BGI’s word for it. In February President Joe Biden banned exports of health data to adversaries, including China, mirroring China’s own controls. Lawmakers did not need to go further.
Moreover, having begun with reasonable concerns about a specific firm’s handling of data, the authors of the bill have widened their scope much further, by bringing in the makers of medical equipment and drugs, such as Wuxi AppTec, which conducts research and manufactures compounds used to make drugs for clients including the world’s biggest pharma firms. WuXi AppTec and its sister firm, WuXi Biologics, are by revenue the world’s largest providers of contract drug discovery and manufacturing. While some diversification away from Chinese producers might have been justifiable, that is not the stated intention of the bill. In any case, the legislation would not merely enforce diversification, but wholesale decoupling.
The lawmakers claim that Chinese biotech firms have stolen intellectual property (IP) and collaborated with the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) and the Chinese government’s repression of Uyghurs. (WuXi AppTec says it is not aware of unauthorised transfers of IP.) Yet here too the biosecure act is an overreaction. Western biopharma firms are notoriously protective of their IP and are surely best placed to decide whom to trust with their drug recipes. Chinese firms that are militarily or morally compromised should be targeted on an individual basis, not by dint of their nationality or industry.
The muddier the motivation behind the legislation seems, the harder it is to escape the conclusion that old-fashioned protectionism is at play. And that is a problem, because it means the bill would unduly hurt American consumers, without delivering any of the supposed security benefits.
Small gain, high price
If the legislation passes, as seems likely, drug shortages and delayed clinical trials for medicines would probably follow. Every large Western pharma firm and many small ones would have to abandon supply chains and find new partners for trials. Biotech startups in particular rely on cheap Chinese manufacturers to bring their products to market. And that would go against another stated intention of the Biden administration: to lower drug prices. ■