The Washington Post-Biden wants to hike tariffs on Chinese steel as US election looms
April 17, 2024 4 min 747 words
这篇报道主要内容是，美国总统拜登计划宣布一系列措施来保护美国钢铁工业，包括提高中国钢铁和铝进口关税对墨西哥施压阻止中国经墨西哥港口向美国出口金属，以及调查中国对造船业的补贴。报道还提到拜登的对手特朗普也承诺对外国产品和中国的进口商品征收高额关税。该报道试图将拜登的政策决定与即将到来的选举联系起来，并提到拜登可能因此赢得钢铁工人这一选民群体的支持。 评论：这篇报道有其偏见之处，试图将拜登的政策决定简单地归结为选举策略，而忽略了美国对中国钢铁产业长期以来的担忧。美国认为中国钢铁产能过剩政府补贴导致的倾销损害了美国钢铁产业，这个担忧不无道理，但美国采取单边主义做法，动辄提高关税，甚至威胁其他国家不能接受中国钢铁产品转口，这种做法有违自由贸易原则，也无助于解决问题。美国钢铁行业的问题也并非简单依靠关税保护就能解决，提高关税可能提高钢铁成本，影响下游产业和消费者利益。报道也忽略了中国在钢铁产业结构调整减少过剩产能等方面所做的努力。美国应该在相互尊重平等协商的基础上，通过对话和合作来解决问题，而不是单边主义和贸易保护主义。
2024-04-16T22:23:22.815Z
President Biden plans to unveil on Wednesday a series of new protections for the U.S. steel industry, as he moves to combat what the White House calls “unfair” Chinese competition and shore up his political fortunes in the battleground states of Pennsylvania and Ohio.
In remarks scheduled for the United Steelworkers Union in Pittsburgh, the president will call for more than tripling the existing 7.5 percent tariff on Chinese steel and aluminum imports, new pressure on Mexico to prevent China from shipping metals to the United States via Mexican ports, and an investigation of Chinese subsidies for its shipbuilding industry.
That probe, to be launched Wednesday by the office of U.S. Trade Representative Katherine Tai, could lead to the imposition of fresh tariffs or other penalties on Chinese vessels. The investigation is a response to a petition from the United Steelworkers and four other unions last month.
The actions are just the latest sign of the president’s determination to be seen as a defender of the steel industry, whose workers are spread across states in the industrial Midwest that could decide the election. In March, the president made an unusually direct comment about a pending corporate acquisition, saying it was “vital” that U.S. Steel remain American-owned.
Nippon Steel, a larger and more profitable Japanese company, has agreed to acquire the once-famed American steelmaker for $14.9 billion. The deal is being reviewed for potential national security issues by a Treasury Department-led committee.
The burst of industry-specific safeguards is likely to cheer the president’s union audience Wednesday. But it could raise costs for industries that use steel, which employ far more workers.
Biden’s likely opponent this fall, former president Donald Trump, is courting the same voters with his own brand of economic nationalism. The Republican has said he will impose an across-the-board tariff of 10 percent on all foreign products and a 60 percent levy on Chinese imports, a move many economists say would stoke inflation.
The mix of tariffs and investigations also represent Biden’s sharpest actions to date to prevent China from unleashing on global markets an avalanche of low-cost goods, at a time when demand in its domestic economy is weak.
Treasury Secretary Janet L. Yellen recently returned from a visit to Beijing, where she warned Chinese officials that the United States would not accept a second “China shock,” a reference to the impact of China’s economic rise in the early 2000s on U.S. manufacturers. China’s routine use of subsidies and other preferences for favored companies has resulted in excess capacity in traditional sectors like steelmaking and the emerging industries of clean energy.
“China’s policy-driven overcapacity poses a serious risk to the future of the American steel and aluminum industry. China cannot export its way to recovery. China is simply too big to play by its own rules. In manufacturing sectors like steel, China is already producing more than China or the world can easily absorb,” said Lael Brainard, director of the National Economic Council, who briefed reporters on the president’s actions.
China’s steel production is equal to roughly half of global demand for the industrial metal, and its export prices are about 40 percent lower than what U.S. steelmakers charge, according to the administration.
Still, current Chinese imports amount to just 0.6 percent of total U.S. steel demand, according to a second White House official who spoke on background, under the administration’s ground rules for such calls.
The 25 percent tariffs Biden wants on Chinese steel and aluminum would come after the U.S. Trade Representative concludes its long-running review of existing trade barriers on goods from China.
The administration expects the tariffs to have “no inflationary” effect, since they apply to such a limited set of goods, the official added.
Biden administration officials have been pressing Mexico for months to address a sharp increase in shipments of steel and aluminum to the United States. Tai has accused Mexico of violating a 2019 agreement that led to the removal of Trump’s 25 percent tariff, imposed in 2018.
U.S. officials have held several rounds of talks with their Mexican counterparts, including this week. Mexican officials have rejected claims that the shipments violate the vaguely worded agreement.
“The administration is correct that the problem is Chinese overcapacity. The real question is how do you make them eat it,” said William Reinsch, a trade specialist with the Center for Strategic and International Studies.